we propose an experimental mathematical model for LVDC electric arc to be used the design of LVDC circuit breakers, relays and switches. The behaviour of arcs changes based on many factors, including temperature and pressure of air, the contact material and shape, the interrupting medium and the opening speed of the circuit breaker, and that all these factors may vary at the same time, thus influencing the arc. Our model considers the arc as a nonlinear component in the electric circuit, whose voltage and current vary in time. Circuit parameters are determined experimentally – by measuring currents and voltages during LVDC interruptions. The proposed model describes the variation of voltage in an arc generated by the opening of a low voltage circuit breaker, occurreing in the air at atmospheric temperature and pressure, and is based on two quantities, arc current and arc length, in order to make it easy to use in practice. The parameters in the model are found through a series of experiment with an interrupting equipment that simulates the operation of a circuit breaker during opening. Two kinds of contact materials, Silver graphite (AgC) and Silver tungsten carbide (AgWC), are chosen as samples to build the arc model. Performance of such materials is different, and the resulting model parameters are also different. In the final part of the experimental campaign, electrodes affected by erosion are used to repeat the experiments, to observe the influence of electrical erosion on the proposed model.
In questo lavoro proponiamo un modello matematico per archi elettrici in aria in corrente continua a bassa tensione (LVDC), utile per la progettazione di interruttori e altri dispositivi di bassa tensione. L’arco elettrico in un interruttore cambia in base a molti fattori, tra cui temperatura e pressione nel momento in cui si sviluppa, materiale degli elettrodi, la forma degli elettrodi, il mezzo interruttivo, la velocità di apertura dell’interruttore, etc. Il nostro modello, senza considerare separatamente questi fattori, viene costruito considerando l’arco elettrico come un componente non lineare del circuito elettrico, la cui corrente e tensione variano nel tempo. Il modello proposto descrive la variazione della tensione dell’arco elettrico generato dall’apertura di un interruttore di bassa tensione, in aria a pressione e temperature atmosferica, utilizzando due variabili: la corrente dell’arco e la lunghezza d’arco, in modo da rendere il modello più facilmente applicabile. I parametri del modello sono ricavati sperimentalmente utilizzando un apparato elettromeccanico che simula l’operazione di apertura dell’interruttore. Sono stati utilizzati due tipi di materiali per i contatti, Carburo di Tungsteno (AgWC) e Argento Grafite (AgC). I parametri che descrivono i due diversi materiali rispecchiano le loro diverse proprietà elettriche. Al fine di capire come i parametri del modello variano con l’erosione, è stato eseguito un secondo gruppo di esperimenti, utilizzando elettrodi affetti da erosione.
Modeling of low voltage DC interruption by electric arc in air
PAN, YIKANG
2018/2019
Abstract
we propose an experimental mathematical model for LVDC electric arc to be used the design of LVDC circuit breakers, relays and switches. The behaviour of arcs changes based on many factors, including temperature and pressure of air, the contact material and shape, the interrupting medium and the opening speed of the circuit breaker, and that all these factors may vary at the same time, thus influencing the arc. Our model considers the arc as a nonlinear component in the electric circuit, whose voltage and current vary in time. Circuit parameters are determined experimentally – by measuring currents and voltages during LVDC interruptions. The proposed model describes the variation of voltage in an arc generated by the opening of a low voltage circuit breaker, occurreing in the air at atmospheric temperature and pressure, and is based on two quantities, arc current and arc length, in order to make it easy to use in practice. The parameters in the model are found through a series of experiment with an interrupting equipment that simulates the operation of a circuit breaker during opening. Two kinds of contact materials, Silver graphite (AgC) and Silver tungsten carbide (AgWC), are chosen as samples to build the arc model. Performance of such materials is different, and the resulting model parameters are also different. In the final part of the experimental campaign, electrodes affected by erosion are used to repeat the experiments, to observe the influence of electrical erosion on the proposed model.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Master Thesis - Pan Yikang - PoliMi.pdf
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Descrizione: Modeling of Low Voltage DC Interruption by Electric Arc in Air
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148973