The national occupational safety statistics, internationally supported, show how the construction industry, because of its dynamic, complex and prototype nature, experiences one of the highest rates of accidents, occupational diseases and fatal accidents, of all sectors of economic activities. The construction site design and the Health and Safety Plan are essential for the effectiveness of the integrated process that is useful for management and defense of workers health and safety, but they are traditionally carried out by means of subjective processing often inefficient because of disconnection from the others design areas. The most important and complex issues to be analyzed, through risk assessment, are related to the interferences generated within temporary and mobile construction sites. In safety management the key process is to foreshadow any potential harmful event before it occurs by identifying any possible risk or safety factors useful for a proper and effective risk evaluation. In this regard the applications of Building Information modeling (BIM), in buildings design, and the Construction Site Information modeling (CoSIM), in the construction site design, are growing rapidly providing a visual and informative environment to incorporate technical knowledge and construction risk management in the domain of contract management. In this sphere the paper aims to propose a tool to support the safety professionals on construction site design choices to carry out a proper interference risk analysis. In continuity with previous research focused on the application of the BIM methodology to construction site design, we propose a database organized in Interferential Risk Identification Boards (SIRI) associated with BIM building elements, whether these are installations, equipment, machines, plants, etc. The informative database will allow the professional to frame more effectively the interferential harmful events potentially related to the shipbuilding element. In this way it will be possible to have a schedule of harmful events and the relative potentially “Determining” situations (INAIL) associated with the material accident agents expected to be present on the construction site, obtained from the analysis of the previous accidents. This tool will therefore make it possible to subjectively define the prevention and protection measures for the organization of the site, based on a proven accident phenomenology. The lexical structure of the shipbuilding elements boards has been set up to facilitate the evaluation synopsis of the concrete interferential risks and the adopted countermeasures to be inserted in the different chapters of a Health and Safety Plan, reducing the drafting time and increasing its operational incisiveness. The usefulness of the proposed instrument has been tried out by using it to the construction site design of a real building renovation and then later subjected to the judgment of the context technical-professional community with positive outcome.
Le statistiche nazionali della sicurezza sul lavoro, suffragate a livello internazionale, mostrano come l'industria delle costruzioni, a causa della sua natura dinamica, complessa e prototipale, possieda uno dei più alti tassi di infortuni, malattie professionali e infortuni con esito mortale, di tutti i settori di attività economica. La progettazione ergotecnica e la predisposizione del Piano di Sicurezza e Coordinamento sono essenziali per l’efficacia del processo integrato utile alla gestione della tutela della salute e della sicurezza dei lavoratori, ma sono tradizionalmente svolti per mezzo di una elaborazione soggettiva spesso inefficiente perché slegata dagli altri ambiti progettuali. Le criticità più rilevanti e complesse da analizzare, attraverso la valutazione del rischio, sono relative alle interferenze generabili all’interno dei cantieri temporanei e mobili. Il processo chiave nella gestione della sicurezza è prefigurare qualsiasi potenziale evento dannoso prima che si verifichi individuando i possibili fattori di pericolo o di sicurezza atti ad una corretta ed efficace valutazione del rischio. A questo proposito le applicazioni del Building Information Modeling (BIM), nella progettazione di edifici, e del Construction Site Information Modeling (CoSIM), nella progettazione ergotecnica, stanno crescendo rapidamente, fornendo un ambiente visuale e ricco di informazioni per incorporare la conoscenza tecnica e la gestione del rischio di costruzione nel campo della gestione dell’appalto. In questo ambito, la ricerca si pone l’obbiettivo di proporre, ai professionisti della sicurezza, uno strumento a supporto delle scelte progettuali ergotecniche per effettuare una adeguata valutazione del rischio interferenziale. In continuità con le precedenti ricerche incentrate sull’applicazione della metodologia BIM alla progettazione ergotecnica, si propone un Database organizzato in Schede di Identificazione dei Rischi Interferenziali (SIRI) associate agli elementi cantieristici BIM, sia che questi siano apprestamenti, attrezzature, macchine, impianti, etc. Il database informativo consentirà al professionista di inquadrare con maggiore efficacia gli eventi dannosi interferenziali potenzialmente connessi all’elemento cantieristico. Sarà così possibile disporre di un abaco degli eventi dannosi e delle relative situazioni potenzialmente “Determinanti” (INAIL) associati agli agenti materiali di infortunio prevedibilmente presenti in cantiere, ricavati dall’analisi delle dinamiche infortunistiche pregresse. Tale strumento consentirà quindi di definire soggettivamente le misure di prevenzione e protezione per l’organizzazione del cantiere, sulla base di una fenomenologia infortunistica accertata. La struttura lessicale delle schede degli elementi cantieristici è stata impostata in modo da facilitare la sinossi valutativa dei rischi concreti interferenziali e definizione delle contromisure da adottare da inserire nei diversi capitoli di un Piano di Sicurezza e Coordinamento, riducendone così i tempi di redazione e aumentandone la sua incisività operativa. L’ utilità dello strumento proposto è stata testata utilizzandola nella progettazione ergotecnica di un caso reale di ristrutturazione di un edificio e successivamente sottoposta al giudizio della comunità tecnico-professionale di riferimento con esito positivo.
LA contestualizzazione del rischio interferenziale nei cantieri temporanei e mobili con metodo BIM
RUSSO, MATTEO
2018/2019
Abstract
The national occupational safety statistics, internationally supported, show how the construction industry, because of its dynamic, complex and prototype nature, experiences one of the highest rates of accidents, occupational diseases and fatal accidents, of all sectors of economic activities. The construction site design and the Health and Safety Plan are essential for the effectiveness of the integrated process that is useful for management and defense of workers health and safety, but they are traditionally carried out by means of subjective processing often inefficient because of disconnection from the others design areas. The most important and complex issues to be analyzed, through risk assessment, are related to the interferences generated within temporary and mobile construction sites. In safety management the key process is to foreshadow any potential harmful event before it occurs by identifying any possible risk or safety factors useful for a proper and effective risk evaluation. In this regard the applications of Building Information modeling (BIM), in buildings design, and the Construction Site Information modeling (CoSIM), in the construction site design, are growing rapidly providing a visual and informative environment to incorporate technical knowledge and construction risk management in the domain of contract management. In this sphere the paper aims to propose a tool to support the safety professionals on construction site design choices to carry out a proper interference risk analysis. In continuity with previous research focused on the application of the BIM methodology to construction site design, we propose a database organized in Interferential Risk Identification Boards (SIRI) associated with BIM building elements, whether these are installations, equipment, machines, plants, etc. The informative database will allow the professional to frame more effectively the interferential harmful events potentially related to the shipbuilding element. In this way it will be possible to have a schedule of harmful events and the relative potentially “Determining” situations (INAIL) associated with the material accident agents expected to be present on the construction site, obtained from the analysis of the previous accidents. This tool will therefore make it possible to subjectively define the prevention and protection measures for the organization of the site, based on a proven accident phenomenology. The lexical structure of the shipbuilding elements boards has been set up to facilitate the evaluation synopsis of the concrete interferential risks and the adopted countermeasures to be inserted in the different chapters of a Health and Safety Plan, reducing the drafting time and increasing its operational incisiveness. The usefulness of the proposed instrument has been tried out by using it to the construction site design of a real building renovation and then later subjected to the judgment of the context technical-professional community with positive outcome.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Magistrale_Russo_2019.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/149019