The title of our project is « A contemporary Tour Montparnasse » and it deals with the development and the integration of a multifunctional skyscraper in the area of the present Montparnasse Tower, placed in the centre of Paris. The subject of our thesis is fictitious, in fact the destruction of the present tower and the substitution with our project is not among our suggestions and pretensions. We started our work with the hypothesis that the project of the present Montparnasse tower had not been realised and another competition for the same project was published today, with the aim to conceive a contemporary and integrated answer. The choice of this subject was motivated by the will of accomplishing, as a final project of our university career, a complex work about an original typology of building: the skyscraper. Our decision of focusing on Montparnasse was supported by three main reasons, that made this area a very interesting subject of study: -Working in an area with a high density of towers, such as the Défense neighbourhood (business district on the edge of Paris) would have been a very easy choice as far as concerns the problematic integration of high-rise buildings within the Parisian urban context. The fact of shifting this kind of study in the centre of Paris allows us to launch a more interesting challenge; -The present Montparnasse Tower is almost unanimously recognised, in Paris and all over the world, as a transfiguring monument and, for this reason, it presents us a problem of integration to which we want to find a solution; -The height of the present tower(209 metres), its use (offices) and its geographic collocation contribute to make it a prefect research subject for a final synthesis project: the tower allows us to focus on the problematic of Le Grand Pari and to concentrate on the concepts of « symbol-monument » (the tower) and « connector-monument » (the Montparnasse station), adjacent to the project area. The aims of this thesis are: the reflection on the integration of a skyscraper in the centre of Paris, the development of a sustainable project, the close examination of particular themes such as the study of structure. These aims constituted the object of three parts: Architectural project. This part describes the process through which we conceived the architectural project of the tower. It firstly presents the analysis we accomplished of the project area, and, on a larger scale, of the capital city, so that we can understand how to realise the integration of the skyscraper. In the first part, we try to give some systematic answers to two main criticisms: the one about the « skyscraper » element, strongly stigmatised in the key-book La folie des hauteurs, that delineates a two-hundred-twenty pages discussion against towers, and, the criticism of height in the context of the centre of Paris, burning issue of the last few years, courageously treated by Bertrand Delanoe, current mayor of Paris. Secondly, we detail the urban analysis that lead us to reorganise the project area and the several main axis of communication. Afterwards, we looked for the main axis of the project area to identify the ideal collocation of the skyscraper, and we developed a master plan of our district integrating the design of a contemporary multifunctional park. In conclusion, we explain our architectural concepts illustrating them through the drawing of plans for every use of the skyscraper, the cross section, several elevations and three dimensional views of the tower and some interiors. Norms and details. In this second part we deal with the constructive technology of the tower, obviously based on the architectural project defined in the first part, and on a group of norms that considerably affect the form, the distribution and the technology of the skyscraper. As environmental problematic constitute a fundamental, or even vital element, the quality of energetic performances constituted the main line on which our technological project is based. The aim of this part is innovation: we tried to present some original technological solutions rather than create a summary of existent solutions. Close examinations. The last step of our project was the realisation of two close examinations: the HVAC (heating ventilation air-conditioning) design and the study of structure. The study of the HVAC design has offered us the occasion to discover how to make a real dimensioning suitable to a skyscraper with several systems, such as the distribution of sanitary water, heating and cooling systems, and mechanic ventilation. These systems have been chosen in order to optimise the flexibility of spaces within the tower. As far as concerns the structure, we chose to realise an innovative structural project that responded to our initial aims, analysing thoroughly the reflection about two study topics: the static analysis, comparing the results of a manual calculation with the ones of an analysis of finite elements, and, the dynamic analysis, fundamental study in the high-rise field. For this reason we made some hypothesises and realised some models in order to verify them and modify the project, when necessary, according to these results.
Il nostro progetto è intitolato « Una Tour Montparnasse contemporanea » e tratta dello sviluppo e dell’integrazione di un grattacielo multifunzionale nella zona dell’attuale Tour Montparnasse nel centro di Parigi. Il soggetto di tesi che abbiamo definito è fittizio,cioè la distruzione dell’attuale torre e la sostituzione con il nostro progetto non è fra le nostre proposte né fra le nostre pretese. Abbiamo pensato il nostro lavoro formulando in base all’ipotesi che il progetto dell’attuale Tour Montparnasse fosse rimasto sulla carta e un nuovo concorso per lo stesso progetto fosse indetto oggi,con l’obiettivo di concepire una risposta contemporanea e integrata. La scelta di un tale soggetto è stata motivata dalla volonta di compiere, come progetto di conclusione del nostro percorso universitario, un lavoro complesso riguardo a una tipologia di edificio originale: il grattacielo. La scelta di focalizzarci su Montparnasse è stata supportata da tre argomenti principali che hanno fatto di questa zona un’area di studio particolarmente attraente: - lavorare in una zona con una forte densità di torri come il quartiere della Défense (quartiere degli affari in periferia di Parigi) sarebbe stata una scelta troppo semplice in relazione alla problematica dell’integrazione degli edifici moderni di grande altezza all’interno del contesto urbano parigino. Spostare questo tipo di riflessione nel centro storico di Parigi ci permette di lanciare una sfida molto più interessante; - l’attuale Tour Montparnasse è riconosciuta quasi all’unanimità, a Parigi ed in tutto il mondo, come un monumento trasfigurante e ci pone, per questo motivo, davanti ad un problema d’integrazione a cui dobbiamo trovare una soluzione; - l’altezza della torre attuale (209 metri), la sua destinazione d’uso (uffici) e la sua collocazione geografica ne fanno un caso di studio perfetto per un progetto di sintesi finale : la torre permette di focalizzasi sulle problematiche del Grand Pari e di riflettere sui concetti di « monumento - emblema » (la torre) e di « monumento - connettore » (la stazione Montparnasse), adiacente all’area di progetto. Gli obiettivi di questa tesi sono: la riflessione sull’ integrazione di un grattacielo in centro a Parigi, lo sviluppo architettonico di un progetto sostenibile, l’approfondimento di temi particolari fra cui lo studio della struttura. Questi obiettivi sono stati oggetto di tre parti: Progetto architettonico. Questa parte descrive il processo che abbiamo seguito per concepire il progetto architettonico della torre. Essa presenta in un primo tempo l’analisi che abbiamo compiuto dell’ area di progetto e, in più ampia scala, della capitale, per capire come realizzare l’integrazione del grattacielo. In questa prima parte, proviamo a fornire delle risposte sistematiche a due critiche principali: quella dell’elemento « grattacielo » in sé ampiamente condannato nel libro chiave La folie des hauteurs il quale definisce una requisitoria di duecentoventi pagine contro le torri, e, la critica dell’altezza nel contesto del centro di Parigi, spinoso argomento di attualità audacemente trattato da Bertrand Delanoë, attuale sindaco di Parigi. In un secondo tempo, dettagliamo l’analisi urbanistica che ci ha portato a riorganizzare l’area di progetto e i vari assi di comunicazione. In seguito, abbiamo cercato gli assi principali dell’area di progetto per identificare la collocazione ideale del grattacielo, dopo di che abbiamo sviluppato un masterplan del nostro isolato che integra il disegno di un parco contemporaneo e variegato. Infine, spieghiamo i nostri concetti architettonici illustrandoli con il disegno delle piante per ogni destinazione d’uso del grattacielo, la sezione trasversale, vari prospetti e viste in tre dimensioni della torre e di alcuni interni. Norme e dettagli. In questa seconda parte, affrontiamo la tecnologia costruttiva della torre che si basa ovviamente sul progetto architettonico definito nella prima parte, e, su un insieme di norme che influenzano notevolmente la forma, la distribuzione e la tecnologia del grattacielo. Poiché le problematiche ambientali costituiscono un elemento fondamentale, se non addirittura vitale, la qualità delle prestazioni energetiche dell’edificio ha costituito la linea direttrice del progetto tecnologico. L’obiettivo di questa parte è l’innovazione: abbiamo cercato di presentare delle soluzioni tecnologiche originali piuttosto che creare un’aggregazione di soluzioni esistenti. Approfondimenti. L’ultima tappa del progetto è stata la realizzazione di due approfondimenti: il progetto impiantistico e lo studio della struttura. Lo studio del progetto impiantistico è stato l’occasione di scoprire come effettuare un dimensionamento reale adatto a un grattacielo di vari sistemi,come la distribuzione d’acqua sanitaria, il riscaldamento o la ventilazione meccanica. Questi sistemi sono stati scelti in modo da ottimizzare la flessibilità degli spazi nella torre. Per quanto riguarda la struttura, abbiamo voluto realizzare un progetto strutturale innovativo che rispondesse ai nostri obiettivi di partenza, approfondendo la riflessione su due argomenti di studio: l’analisi statica, mettendo a confronto i risultati di un calcolo manuale con quelli di un’analisi agli elementi finiti e l’analisi dinamica, studio fondamentale quando ci si avventura nell’ambito della grande altezza. A questo proposito abbiamo fatto alcune ipotesi e messo a punto alcuni modelli al fine di verificarle e di modificare il progetto dove fosse necessario in base a questi risultati.
Una Tour Montparnasse contemporanea. Integrazione architettonica ed urbanistica di un edificio di grande altezza nel centro di Parigi : progettazione di un grattacielo multifunzionale con studio approfondito della struttura e dei sistemi impiantistici
LEYRAL, MARC;REYNAUD, ETIENNE;VENDEVILLE, JULIEN
2009/2010
Abstract
The title of our project is « A contemporary Tour Montparnasse » and it deals with the development and the integration of a multifunctional skyscraper in the area of the present Montparnasse Tower, placed in the centre of Paris. The subject of our thesis is fictitious, in fact the destruction of the present tower and the substitution with our project is not among our suggestions and pretensions. We started our work with the hypothesis that the project of the present Montparnasse tower had not been realised and another competition for the same project was published today, with the aim to conceive a contemporary and integrated answer. The choice of this subject was motivated by the will of accomplishing, as a final project of our university career, a complex work about an original typology of building: the skyscraper. Our decision of focusing on Montparnasse was supported by three main reasons, that made this area a very interesting subject of study: -Working in an area with a high density of towers, such as the Défense neighbourhood (business district on the edge of Paris) would have been a very easy choice as far as concerns the problematic integration of high-rise buildings within the Parisian urban context. The fact of shifting this kind of study in the centre of Paris allows us to launch a more interesting challenge; -The present Montparnasse Tower is almost unanimously recognised, in Paris and all over the world, as a transfiguring monument and, for this reason, it presents us a problem of integration to which we want to find a solution; -The height of the present tower(209 metres), its use (offices) and its geographic collocation contribute to make it a prefect research subject for a final synthesis project: the tower allows us to focus on the problematic of Le Grand Pari and to concentrate on the concepts of « symbol-monument » (the tower) and « connector-monument » (the Montparnasse station), adjacent to the project area. The aims of this thesis are: the reflection on the integration of a skyscraper in the centre of Paris, the development of a sustainable project, the close examination of particular themes such as the study of structure. These aims constituted the object of three parts: Architectural project. This part describes the process through which we conceived the architectural project of the tower. It firstly presents the analysis we accomplished of the project area, and, on a larger scale, of the capital city, so that we can understand how to realise the integration of the skyscraper. In the first part, we try to give some systematic answers to two main criticisms: the one about the « skyscraper » element, strongly stigmatised in the key-book La folie des hauteurs, that delineates a two-hundred-twenty pages discussion against towers, and, the criticism of height in the context of the centre of Paris, burning issue of the last few years, courageously treated by Bertrand Delanoe, current mayor of Paris. Secondly, we detail the urban analysis that lead us to reorganise the project area and the several main axis of communication. Afterwards, we looked for the main axis of the project area to identify the ideal collocation of the skyscraper, and we developed a master plan of our district integrating the design of a contemporary multifunctional park. In conclusion, we explain our architectural concepts illustrating them through the drawing of plans for every use of the skyscraper, the cross section, several elevations and three dimensional views of the tower and some interiors. Norms and details. In this second part we deal with the constructive technology of the tower, obviously based on the architectural project defined in the first part, and on a group of norms that considerably affect the form, the distribution and the technology of the skyscraper. As environmental problematic constitute a fundamental, or even vital element, the quality of energetic performances constituted the main line on which our technological project is based. The aim of this part is innovation: we tried to present some original technological solutions rather than create a summary of existent solutions. Close examinations. The last step of our project was the realisation of two close examinations: the HVAC (heating ventilation air-conditioning) design and the study of structure. The study of the HVAC design has offered us the occasion to discover how to make a real dimensioning suitable to a skyscraper with several systems, such as the distribution of sanitary water, heating and cooling systems, and mechanic ventilation. These systems have been chosen in order to optimise the flexibility of spaces within the tower. As far as concerns the structure, we chose to realise an innovative structural project that responded to our initial aims, analysing thoroughly the reflection about two study topics: the static analysis, comparing the results of a manual calculation with the ones of an analysis of finite elements, and, the dynamic analysis, fundamental study in the high-rise field. For this reason we made some hypothesises and realised some models in order to verify them and modify the project, when necessary, according to these results.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/14902