The analysis of the current socio-economic context reveals a growing difficulty in satisfying the diversified needs of users. To this difficulty the design attempts to respond through new development processes based on design thinking, characterized by a strong focus on the user. The aim is to create highly emotional and customizable products: an approach to design made possible by the emergence of additive manufacturing technologies and the use of new parametric design tools. In particular, we are witnessing today a paradigm shift towards a model of social and eco-sustainable development: studies and companies are increasingly inclined to include sustainable approaches in their projects, framed in a circular vision of the economy. Sustainability is, moreover, a peculiarity of additive manufacturing, which, in addition to the possibility of creating complex shapes, represents a useful solution to reduce the environmental impact, thanks to the limited production of waste and the use of new materials. Currently, numerous European Projects are operating based on these principles: specifically, SatlGae (Alge to treat saline waste water) and FiberEUse (Large scale demonstration of techno-economical benefits of new value-chains based circular economy on the reuse of end- of-life fiber reinforced composites) aim to reuse industrial waste. The objective of the research work, developed within these contexts, was to rethink the future actively: by blurring the boundaries between craftsmanship, science and technology it is possible to anticipate the needs and challenges of the 21st century. New high-sustainability geopolymeric mortars have been studied, processed through additive technologies, to evaluate the coexistence between physical and perceptive-sensory properties, such as to be applicable both in the field of design and architecture. The work was developed through an experimental approach combined with an analysis of the existing literature. For the experiments it was necessary to modify the extruder body of the LDM printer present in the laboratory, with which 110 samples of geopolymer with variable composition were printed, then subjected to compression tests. An interactive questionnaire was also prepared and submitted to a sample of 62 users divided into three different groups. In comparison with Portland cement, geopolymers prove to be adequate to replace it in the building sector with the advantage of a net reduction in CO2 emissions. In a general framework of homogeneity of the physical characteristics of the materials examined, a significant anisotropy emerged as a problematic factor, which must be taken into account in the application phase. The interviews instead allowed us not only to explore the perceptive-sensory characteristics of 3D printed geopolymers, but to investigate all the aspects that contribute to the definition of perceived value. The analyzes carried out led to the creation of a library, aimed at highlighting the characteristics of the material in relation to the composition of the mixture, finishes, colors and printing parameters. This at the same time becomes a useful tool to involve future users in an exploration of the material guided by the senses of touch and sight. An additional investigation then led to the production of an algorithm in Grasshopper to generate forms that can be customized by the user. This approach, in the field of 3D printed geopolymers, if extended to the building sector could determine a paradigm shift that sees the user regain possession of the production process of his own home, both in terms of furnishings and self-construction of the housing unit.
L’analisi del contesto socioeconomico attuale lascia emergere una crescente difficoltà nel soddisfare le esigenze diversificate degli utenti. A tale difficoltà la progettazione tenta di rispondere attraverso nuovi processi di sviluppo basati sul design thinking, caratterizzato da una spiccata attenzione verso l’utente. Si punta alla realizzazione di prodotti ad alta carica emotiva e personalizzabili: un approccio al design reso possibile dall’emergere delle tecnologie di manifattura additiva e l’impiego di nuovi strumenti progettuali parametrici. In particolare, si assiste oggi a un cambio di paradigma verso un modello di sviluppo sociale ed eco-sostenibile: studi e aziende sono sempre più inclini a includere nei loro progetti approcci sostenibili, inquadrati in una visione circolare dell’economia. La sostenibilità è, peraltro, una peculiarità della manifattura additiva, che, oltre alla possibilità di creare forme complesse, rappresenta una soluzione utile a ridurre l’impatto ambientale, grazie alla limitata produzione di scarti e all’impiego di nuovi materiali. Attualmente, sono operativi numerosi Progetti europei ispirati a questi principi: nello specifico, SatlGae (Alge to treat saline waste water) e FiberEUse (Large scale demonstration of the techno-economical benefits of new circular economy value-chains based on the reuse of end-of-life fiber reinforced composites) mirano al riutilizzo di scarti industriali. Obiettivo del lavoro di ricerca, sviluppato all’interno di questi contesti, è stato quello di ripensare il futuro attivamente: sfumando i confini tra artigianato, scienza e tecnologia è possibile anticipare le esigenze e le sfide del XXI secolo. Sono state studiate nuove malte geopolimeriche ad alta sostenibilità, processate tramite tecnologie additive, per valutare la coesistenza tra proprietà fisiche e percettivo-sensoriali, tali da essere applicabili sia nell’ambito del design che dell’architettura. Il lavoro è stato sviluppato tramite un approccio sperimentare affiancato ad un’analisi della letteratura esistente. Per le sperimentazioni si è resa necessaria la modificazione del corpo estrusore della stampante LDM presente in laboratorio, con cui sono stati stampati 110 campioni di geopolimero a composizione variabile, poi sottoposti a prove di compressione. È stato inoltre predisposto un questionario interattivo sottoposto a un campione di utenti di 62 unità, diviso in tre diversi gruppi. Nel confronto con il cemento Portland, i geopolimeri si dimostrano adeguati a sostituirlo in ambito edilizio con il vantaggio di una netta riduzione delle emissioni di CO2. In un quadro generale di omogeneità delle caratteristiche fisiche dei materiali esaminati, è emersa quale fattore problematico una rilevante anisotropia, di cui bisogna tener conto in fase applicativa. Le interviste invece ci hanno permesso non solo di esplorare le caratteristiche percettivo-sensoriali dei geopolimeri stampati 3D, ma di indagare tutti gli aspetti che concorrono alla definizione del valore percepito. Le analisi effettuate hanno portato all’allestimento di una materioteca, finalizzata ad evidenziare le caratteristiche del materiale in relazione a composizione della miscela, finiture, colori e parametri di stampa. Questa, allo stesso tempo, diventa uno strumento utile a coinvolgere i futuri utenti in un’esplorazione del materiale guidata dai sensi del tatto e della vista. Un’indagine supplementare ha portato poi alla produzione di un algoritmo in Grasshopper per generare forme personalizzabili dall’utente. Questo approccio, nell’ambito dei geopolimeri stampati 3D, se esteso al settore edilizio potrebbe determinare un cambio di paradigma che vede l’utente riappropriarsi del processo produttivo della propria abitazione, sia in termini di arredo che di autocostruzione dell’unità abitativa.
Concrete checkmate. Re-manifattura additiva di scarti industriali in malte geopolimeriche e indagine sulla percezione del valore per un design sostenibile e inclusivo
DORIA, VIRGINIA
2018/2019
Abstract
The analysis of the current socio-economic context reveals a growing difficulty in satisfying the diversified needs of users. To this difficulty the design attempts to respond through new development processes based on design thinking, characterized by a strong focus on the user. The aim is to create highly emotional and customizable products: an approach to design made possible by the emergence of additive manufacturing technologies and the use of new parametric design tools. In particular, we are witnessing today a paradigm shift towards a model of social and eco-sustainable development: studies and companies are increasingly inclined to include sustainable approaches in their projects, framed in a circular vision of the economy. Sustainability is, moreover, a peculiarity of additive manufacturing, which, in addition to the possibility of creating complex shapes, represents a useful solution to reduce the environmental impact, thanks to the limited production of waste and the use of new materials. Currently, numerous European Projects are operating based on these principles: specifically, SatlGae (Alge to treat saline waste water) and FiberEUse (Large scale demonstration of techno-economical benefits of new value-chains based circular economy on the reuse of end- of-life fiber reinforced composites) aim to reuse industrial waste. The objective of the research work, developed within these contexts, was to rethink the future actively: by blurring the boundaries between craftsmanship, science and technology it is possible to anticipate the needs and challenges of the 21st century. New high-sustainability geopolymeric mortars have been studied, processed through additive technologies, to evaluate the coexistence between physical and perceptive-sensory properties, such as to be applicable both in the field of design and architecture. The work was developed through an experimental approach combined with an analysis of the existing literature. For the experiments it was necessary to modify the extruder body of the LDM printer present in the laboratory, with which 110 samples of geopolymer with variable composition were printed, then subjected to compression tests. An interactive questionnaire was also prepared and submitted to a sample of 62 users divided into three different groups. In comparison with Portland cement, geopolymers prove to be adequate to replace it in the building sector with the advantage of a net reduction in CO2 emissions. In a general framework of homogeneity of the physical characteristics of the materials examined, a significant anisotropy emerged as a problematic factor, which must be taken into account in the application phase. The interviews instead allowed us not only to explore the perceptive-sensory characteristics of 3D printed geopolymers, but to investigate all the aspects that contribute to the definition of perceived value. The analyzes carried out led to the creation of a library, aimed at highlighting the characteristics of the material in relation to the composition of the mixture, finishes, colors and printing parameters. This at the same time becomes a useful tool to involve future users in an exploration of the material guided by the senses of touch and sight. An additional investigation then led to the production of an algorithm in Grasshopper to generate forms that can be customized by the user. This approach, in the field of 3D printed geopolymers, if extended to the building sector could determine a paradigm shift that sees the user regain possession of the production process of his own home, both in terms of furnishings and self-construction of the housing unit.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI CONCRETE CHECKMATE VIRGINIA DORIA.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/149306