The term “digital native” defines all individuals being born and raised in a family environment strictly connected to technology, accustomed since their childhood to web surfing and to the use of tablets or smartphones. The way they study and learn is much different from that of previous generations of students. To manage this issue the world of education is facing a slow evolution envolving the school institution through a set of measures aiming to promote the use of digital and interactive tools during the lesson and the study at home. The textbook, still unchanged for decades in his structure and contents, became the leading actor in a process of change that led to the birth of the digital book. Since 2014, by law, the new school textbooks can be adopted only in the digital form or, at least, mixed. unluckily, this new version isn't as popular as it was expected to be, meaning that the paper book still remains the most used tool, due to his very strong handling easiness and the familiarity that teachers and students still have with the printed page. Most recent scientific studies demonstrate that reading and studying through the printed book lead to a higher level of content comprehension comparing to digital reading: indeed, reading on paper is still the best way to dive right into the text and understand its meaning. My thesis aims to open a discussion on schoolbook as didactic tool in need of a revolution on a deeper level; people who have been alphabetized by Internet work with very peculiar learning and cognitive processes, and the schoolbook, its structure, its graphic design need to be transformed to accompany and help this processes. My research and design path is structured in two parts: in the first I analysed the way our brain reads and study, starting form the birth of the writing systems until the invention of the modern ebook reader, then I described the main protagonists of my work, the digital native students, finally getting to talk about school and scholastic publishing nowadays. My project takes form from the study of contemporary schoolbook and new readers' needs, starting with an analysis on the case study Zanichelli and some of its most interesting examples of textbook from the past century, made for middle school and related to the subject of geography.
Il termine “nativo digitale” definisce tutti gli individui nati e cresciuti in un ambiente famigliare a stretto contatto con la tecnologia, abituati sin da piccoli alla navigazione su Internet e all’uso di tablet e smartphone. Il loro modo di imparare e di studiare è molto diverso da quello delle generazioni di studenti del passato. Per far fronte a questo problema il mondo della scuola si sta pian piano evolvendo, adottando una serie di provvedimenti che puntano a favorire l’uso di strumenti digitali e interattivi in classe e nello studio a casa. Il libro di testo, per decenni rimasto immutato nella struttura e nei contenuti, si è ritrovato così protagonista di un processo di cambiamento che ha portato alla nascita del libro digitale. A partire dal 2014, per legge nelle scuole è obbligatoria l’adozione del libro in formato digitale o misto. Ma questa nuova versione non sta riscontrando il successo aspettato e il libro cartaceo è ancora lo strumento più usato, per via della facilità di utilizzo e la familiarità che nonostante tutto docenti e studenti hanno ancora con la pagina stampata. Le ricerche dimostrano infatti che la lettura e lo studio sul libro portano ad una maggiore comprensione del contenuto nel suo complesso rispetto alla lettura digitale: leggere sulla carta è ancora il metodo migliore per immergersi nel testo e capirne il significato. La mia tesi dunque punta a innescare una riflessione sul libro scolastico in quanto strumento didattico bisognoso di una rivoluzione ad un livello più profondo; le persone che sono state alfabetizzate da Internet mettono in atto processi cognitivi e di apprendimento del tutto particolari e il libro di scuola, nella sua struttura, nel progetto grafico, nei contenuti, deve essere ripensato per accompagnare e favorire questi processi. Nella prima parte dell’elaborato mi occupo di analizzare l’ambito della lettura e dello studio, dalla nascita della scrittura fino all’invenzione dell’ebook reader. In seguito descrivo i principali protagonisti del mio progetto, gli studenti nativi digitali, arrivando infine a comporre un ritratto della situazione della scuola e dell’editoria scolastica contemporanea. Il progetto nasce dallo studio del libro di testo attuale e delle esigenze dei nuovi lettori, partendo dall’analisi del caso studio Zanichelli e di alcuni suoi esempi notevoli di libri di testo editi nel secolo scorso, relativi all’ambito delle scuole medie e all’insegnamento della geografia.
Leggere da nativi digitali. Un concept per il testo scolastico di geografia
GUGLIELMI, ANNA
2018/2019
Abstract
The term “digital native” defines all individuals being born and raised in a family environment strictly connected to technology, accustomed since their childhood to web surfing and to the use of tablets or smartphones. The way they study and learn is much different from that of previous generations of students. To manage this issue the world of education is facing a slow evolution envolving the school institution through a set of measures aiming to promote the use of digital and interactive tools during the lesson and the study at home. The textbook, still unchanged for decades in his structure and contents, became the leading actor in a process of change that led to the birth of the digital book. Since 2014, by law, the new school textbooks can be adopted only in the digital form or, at least, mixed. unluckily, this new version isn't as popular as it was expected to be, meaning that the paper book still remains the most used tool, due to his very strong handling easiness and the familiarity that teachers and students still have with the printed page. Most recent scientific studies demonstrate that reading and studying through the printed book lead to a higher level of content comprehension comparing to digital reading: indeed, reading on paper is still the best way to dive right into the text and understand its meaning. My thesis aims to open a discussion on schoolbook as didactic tool in need of a revolution on a deeper level; people who have been alphabetized by Internet work with very peculiar learning and cognitive processes, and the schoolbook, its structure, its graphic design need to be transformed to accompany and help this processes. My research and design path is structured in two parts: in the first I analysed the way our brain reads and study, starting form the birth of the writing systems until the invention of the modern ebook reader, then I described the main protagonists of my work, the digital native students, finally getting to talk about school and scholastic publishing nowadays. My project takes form from the study of contemporary schoolbook and new readers' needs, starting with an analysis on the case study Zanichelli and some of its most interesting examples of textbook from the past century, made for middle school and related to the subject of geography.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/149338