The object of this dissertation is the analysis of certain cultural mechanisms that have determinate a vivid interaction between Latin America and Italy in the period following the Second World War. The analysis starts with studying of historical magazines, dealing with topics such as architecture, urbanism and design, due to their ability to offer a different point of view, though not deeply analysed, of such cultural exchanges. In order to understand the main dynamics and reasons underlying the diffusion of Italian architectural design culture in Latin America, in the period between 1947 and 1961, some Latin American publications have been analysed. Those publications were the crucial element of dialogue and transmission between the two coasts of the Atlantic. The research has been developed through direct consultation of selected magazines: Mexican “Arquitectura México”, Colombian “Proa”, Argentinian “Nuestra Arquitectura” and “Revista de Arquitectura”. From the analysis of case studies found in Latin American publications emerges how the selection of articles proposed has not been a process guided by performance of various “technical solution” designed by Italian professionals. On the contrary, “images” of Italy suggested in Latin America have mainly been a reflection of opportunities and convenience or strategy. Italian practitioners emigrated and settled in Latin America, either permanently or for short professional experiences overseas and practitioners who were writing for Latin American magazines have become protagonists and carriers of the transmission of Italian architecture in Latin America, having, at the same time another objective: their own self-promotion overseas. Giovanni Maria Cosco, Lanfranco Bombelli Tiravanti and Angiolo Mazzoni are some of the Italian practitioners analysed and studied as witnesses. Likewise, writers of Latin American magazines will use aspects of Italian architectural design culture to suggest to their readers, notes and reviews that will influence local culture and design solutions of that period. In that sense, an example is the critic suggested in “Arquitectura México” about the political use of the arts, given by Mauricio Gómez Mayorga, through mechanisms adopted by the Triennale. In magazines, this arbitrary system of diffusion has led to a creation of a fragmented image of the Italian architectural design culture that does not reflect the complex architectural panorama of the after war period. What emerges is a set of events, comparisons and transversal connections, without a clear logic that would whiteness interesting cultural exchanges between Italy and Latin America that can be seen in the magazines published in that period.
La tesi ha per oggetto l’analisi di alcuni meccanismi culturali che hanno determinato una vivace interazione tra America Latina e Italia nel periodo successivo al secondo conflitto mondiale. L’analisi muove da uno studio dei periodici storici di architettura, urbanistica e design in quanto capaci di far emergere attraverso una prospettiva privilegiata, ma non del tutto studiata, tali scambi culturali. Al fine di comprendere le principali dinamiche e ragioni sottese alla diffusione della cultura progettuale italiana in America Latina, nel periodo compreso tra il 1947 ed il 1961, sono state analizzate alcune delle pubblicazioni periodiche latinoamericane che in quegli anni hanno rappresentato fondamentali elementi di dialogo e trasmissione tra le due sponde dell’Atlantico. La ricerca è stata sviluppata mediante la consultazione diretta di una selezione di riviste: la messicana “Arquitectura México”, la colombiana “Proa”, le argentine “Nuestra Arquitectura” e “Revista de Arquitectura”. Dall’analisi dei casi specifici contenuti nelle pubblicazioni periodiche latinoamericane, emerge come la selezione di articoli proposta non sia stata assolutamente un processo guidato dalle prestazioni delle diverse “soluzioni tecniche” progettate dai professionisti italiani. Al contrario, le “immagini” d’Italia proposte in America Latina sono state principalmente il riflesso di ragioni di opportunità e convenienza o strategia. Professionisti italiani emigrati e stabilitisi in America Latina, in maniera permanente o per percorrere brevi traiettorie professionali oltreoceano, e professionisti in qualità di corrispondenti delle riviste latinoamericane, diventano dunque attori-vettori della trasmissione dell’architettura italiana in America Latina, perseguendo allo stesso tempo obiettivi di autopromozione oltreoceano. Giovanni Maria Cosco, Lanfranco Bombelli Tiravanti, Angiolo Mazzoni sono alcuni dei professionisti italiani presi in analisi nell’elaborato a testimonianza. Analogamente anche gli articolisti delle riviste latinoamericane si serviranno di aspetti della cultura progettuale italiana contemporanea per proporre, ai loro lettori, appunti e giudizi che influenzeranno la cultura locale e le soluzioni progettuali di quegli anni. Esplicativa è in questi termini la critica proposta in “Arquitectura México” sul binomio arte-stato e sulla strumentalizzazione delle arti mossa da Mauricio Gómez Mayorga attraverso l’analisi dei meccanismi adottati dalla Triennale. Nelle pubblicazioni periodiche questo sistema di diffusione arbitrario ha portato alla definizione di un’immagine frammentaria della cultura progettuale italiana, che non riflette il complesso panorama architettonico del dopoguerra. Ciò che emerge è invece un articolato insieme di vicende, confronti e connessioni trasversali ai due Continenti, senza un’apparente logica unificante che testimoniano interessanti scambi culturali tra Italia ed America Latina veicolati anche dalle riviste negli anni trattati.
Riflessi transatlantici. La cultura progettuale italiana nelle riviste latinoamericane (1947-1961)
PINGITORE, CAROLINA
2018/2019
Abstract
The object of this dissertation is the analysis of certain cultural mechanisms that have determinate a vivid interaction between Latin America and Italy in the period following the Second World War. The analysis starts with studying of historical magazines, dealing with topics such as architecture, urbanism and design, due to their ability to offer a different point of view, though not deeply analysed, of such cultural exchanges. In order to understand the main dynamics and reasons underlying the diffusion of Italian architectural design culture in Latin America, in the period between 1947 and 1961, some Latin American publications have been analysed. Those publications were the crucial element of dialogue and transmission between the two coasts of the Atlantic. The research has been developed through direct consultation of selected magazines: Mexican “Arquitectura México”, Colombian “Proa”, Argentinian “Nuestra Arquitectura” and “Revista de Arquitectura”. From the analysis of case studies found in Latin American publications emerges how the selection of articles proposed has not been a process guided by performance of various “technical solution” designed by Italian professionals. On the contrary, “images” of Italy suggested in Latin America have mainly been a reflection of opportunities and convenience or strategy. Italian practitioners emigrated and settled in Latin America, either permanently or for short professional experiences overseas and practitioners who were writing for Latin American magazines have become protagonists and carriers of the transmission of Italian architecture in Latin America, having, at the same time another objective: their own self-promotion overseas. Giovanni Maria Cosco, Lanfranco Bombelli Tiravanti and Angiolo Mazzoni are some of the Italian practitioners analysed and studied as witnesses. Likewise, writers of Latin American magazines will use aspects of Italian architectural design culture to suggest to their readers, notes and reviews that will influence local culture and design solutions of that period. In that sense, an example is the critic suggested in “Arquitectura México” about the political use of the arts, given by Mauricio Gómez Mayorga, through mechanisms adopted by the Triennale. In magazines, this arbitrary system of diffusion has led to a creation of a fragmented image of the Italian architectural design culture that does not reflect the complex architectural panorama of the after war period. What emerges is a set of events, comparisons and transversal connections, without a clear logic that would whiteness interesting cultural exchanges between Italy and Latin America that can be seen in the magazines published in that period.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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RIFLESSI TRANSATLANTICI.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/149700