The Facility Management (FM) industry is known to be quite conservative about the adoption of digital technology in FM operations. It is only at the end of the last century that Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) began to be borrowed from the production industry, after being adapted to activities that were not only of building maintenance, but also of services to people. After decades there are complex information systems (IS) on the market capable of covering all the needs of the Governance, which is a key point of the FM concept. In fact, while in the past the term Facility, which gave priority to the activities to be carried out on the equipment and on the real estate, predominated, today the focus has finally shifted towards the term Management in the sense of control and management for improving the performance of buildings. The construction world has seen an impressive development in terms of Modeling, with the emergence of systems capable of integrating multiple variables into a single model such as the Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. The progress of technology has also led to the creation of a new class of objects connected to the network that play an important role in the design of a building, the Internet of Things (IOT). Despite the fact that the BIM solution is now a fundamental technology which merges the real estate field with the IoT sector, it is not as effective in the existing building’s market as it is in the new buildings market. Nowadays the existing buildings market faces the need for new FM and IoT solutions that can be easily implemented on site without knowing what is behind the wall. The IoT technology represents the true revolution, the paradigm shift for which every object can come to life, become aware of itself, of what is around it and communicate with other objects. It is the world of sensors through which each object can perceive, see, recognize and measure temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, risk and the state of an asset. Meanwhile, if in the past the FM Industry used to create databases containing all assets and related characteristics under the control of the Property Manager (PM), now the FM market is hungry for more sensitive data that gives the chance to optimize the FM operations and to stay competitive in the market with the use of Big Data Analysis (BDA). The drawbacks are obviously derived from the fact that the more the objects can see, the greater the "big brother" effect is, at the expense of our privacy. The purpose of this thesis is to deepen the subject of the Internet of things according to different aspects; contextualizing it in the FM industry, analyzing its feasibility of use in the different FM fields, describing its architecture and main features, focusing on already existing or possible solutions in a near future, hypothesizing finally its possible impacts on our security and privacy. The IoT industry is booming, and the use of these systems has increased exponentially in recent years. Social change follows on from technology. Strategies change by type of technology chosen and the workforce is optimized to reduce operating costs. The IoT has already put the roots some years ago in the FM world and soon it will be a forced choice for those who have not yet adopted it.
L’industria del Facility Management (FM) è nota per essere stata piuttosto conservatrice riguardo all’adozione della tecnologia digitale nelle operazioni di FM. È solo alla fine del secolo scorso che i sistemi di gestione della manutenzione computerizzata (CMMS) hanno iniziato a essere presi in prestito dall’industria di produzione, dopo essere stati adattati ad attività che non riguardavano solo la manutenzione degli edifici, ma anche i servizi alle persone. Dopo decenni esistono sul mercato sistemi informativi complessi (IS) in grado di coprire tutte le esigenze di Governance, punto chiave del concetto di FM. Infatti, mentre in passato il termine Facility, che dava la priorità alle attività da svolgere sull’attrezzatura e sul settore immobiliare, predominava, oggi l’attenzione si è finalmente spostata verso il termine Management in senso di controllo e gestione per migliorare le prestazioni degli edifici. Il mondo dell’edilizia ha visto un impressionante sviluppo in termine di Modelling, con la nascita di sistemi in grado di integrare più variabili in un unico modello come la tecnologia del Building Information Modeling (BIM). Il progresso della tecnologia ha portato inoltre alla creazione di una nuova classe di oggetti collegati alla rete che giocano un ruolo importante nella progettazione di un edificio, l’internet delle cose (IOT). Nonostante il BIM sia ora la tecnologia fondamentale che fonde il settore immobiliare con il settore IoT, questa non è così efficace nel mercato degli edifici esistenti come nel mercato dei nuovi edifici. Oggi il mercato degli edifici esistenti deve far fronte alla necessità di nuove soluzioni di FM e di IoT che possano essere facilmente implementate sul posto senza sapere realmente cosa c’è dietro il muro. La tecnologia IoT rappresenta la vera rivoluzione, il cambio di paradigma per il quale ogni oggetto può prendere vita, prendere coscienza di sé stesso, di ciò che lo circonda e comunicare tra loro. È il mondo dei sensori attraverso cui ogni oggetto può percepire, vedere, riconoscere e misurare temperatura, umidità, illuminazione, rumore, rischio e lo stato di un elemento. Se in passato l’industria del FM creava database contenenti tutti gli asset e caratteristiche relative sotto il controllo del Property Manager (PM), ora il mercato FM ha fame di dati più sensibili che danno la possibilità di ottimizzare le operazioni FM e rimanere competitivi sul mercato con l’uso di Big Data Analysis (BDA). Gli svantaggi derivano ovviamente dal fatto che più gli oggetti possono vedere, maggiore è l’effetto "Grande Fratello", a spese della nostra privacy. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di approfondire il tema dell’Internet delle cose secondo aspetti differenti; contestualizzandolo nell’industria del FM, analizzandone la sua fattibilità di utilizzo nei diversi campi del FM, descrivendone l’architettura e caratteristiche principali, focalizzando sulle soluzioni già esistenti o possibili in un futuro vicino, ipotizzandone infine i possibili impatti sulla nostra sicurezza e privacy. L’industria dell’IoT è in piena crescita, e l’utilizzo di questi sistemi è aumentato esponenzialmente negli ultimi anni. A quello tecnologico segue a pari passo un cambiamento sociale. Le strategie cambiano per tipo di tecnologia scelta e la forza lavoro viene ottimizzata al meglio per ridurre costi operativi. L’IoT ha già preso piede qualche anno fa nel mondo FM e tra poco sarà una scelta obbligata per chi ancora non lo ha adottato.
Internet of Things for facility management services. An overview of the impact of IoT technologies on the FM services sector
ALOISIO, MICHELE
2018/2019
Abstract
The Facility Management (FM) industry is known to be quite conservative about the adoption of digital technology in FM operations. It is only at the end of the last century that Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) began to be borrowed from the production industry, after being adapted to activities that were not only of building maintenance, but also of services to people. After decades there are complex information systems (IS) on the market capable of covering all the needs of the Governance, which is a key point of the FM concept. In fact, while in the past the term Facility, which gave priority to the activities to be carried out on the equipment and on the real estate, predominated, today the focus has finally shifted towards the term Management in the sense of control and management for improving the performance of buildings. The construction world has seen an impressive development in terms of Modeling, with the emergence of systems capable of integrating multiple variables into a single model such as the Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. The progress of technology has also led to the creation of a new class of objects connected to the network that play an important role in the design of a building, the Internet of Things (IOT). Despite the fact that the BIM solution is now a fundamental technology which merges the real estate field with the IoT sector, it is not as effective in the existing building’s market as it is in the new buildings market. Nowadays the existing buildings market faces the need for new FM and IoT solutions that can be easily implemented on site without knowing what is behind the wall. The IoT technology represents the true revolution, the paradigm shift for which every object can come to life, become aware of itself, of what is around it and communicate with other objects. It is the world of sensors through which each object can perceive, see, recognize and measure temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, risk and the state of an asset. Meanwhile, if in the past the FM Industry used to create databases containing all assets and related characteristics under the control of the Property Manager (PM), now the FM market is hungry for more sensitive data that gives the chance to optimize the FM operations and to stay competitive in the market with the use of Big Data Analysis (BDA). The drawbacks are obviously derived from the fact that the more the objects can see, the greater the "big brother" effect is, at the expense of our privacy. The purpose of this thesis is to deepen the subject of the Internet of things according to different aspects; contextualizing it in the FM industry, analyzing its feasibility of use in the different FM fields, describing its architecture and main features, focusing on already existing or possible solutions in a near future, hypothesizing finally its possible impacts on our security and privacy. The IoT industry is booming, and the use of these systems has increased exponentially in recent years. Social change follows on from technology. Strategies change by type of technology chosen and the workforce is optimized to reduce operating costs. The IoT has already put the roots some years ago in the FM world and soon it will be a forced choice for those who have not yet adopted it.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi MA final.pdf
Open Access dal 13/09/2020
Descrizione: IoT for FM services
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/149766