The Habitat conferences and SDG’s have stand out for their efforts to find solutions for fast-growing cities across the world such as Costa Rican cities, which are predicted to have a level of urbanization of 87.2% by 2040 (UN-Habitat, 2016). These agreements ask governments to create coherent National Urban Policies and to develop cooperation to adopt Regional Agendas to address urban issues. The government of Costa Rica was participant in Habitat III, and as a result it created in 2018 the National Urban Development Policy 2018-2030 or PNDU (Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano 2018-2030 in Spanish). Initially the Costa Rican urban dimension and the associated policies that have been developed through time are assessed. Then, Costa Rica was compared in contrast with the Latin American region and the main problematics related to urbanization were found. Furthermore, the role that Latin America and the Caribbean has had historically in the global agenda setting was described along with the commitments and stakeholders that have been key to foster sustainable development. These elements were necessary to arrive to the PNDU, where the contents of the document were analyzed following the latest United Nations and OECD standards, to evaluate the processes of formulation, implementation, and monitoring of the policy. The role that Latin America had in the past global summits was limited, as in the case of Costa Rica in Habitat III. Nevertheless, recently the region has acquired new compromises in a Regional Action Plan driven by the Ministers of Housing and Urban Planning of the region. It was found that Costa Rica has the potential to change the urban dynamics of the network of cities in Latin America, but first it needs to overcome obstacles related to income inequalities and public spending. The PNDU follow international standards, and encompass the principles set in the New Urban Agenda. The political effort of promoting this document has been consistent. However, the outputs to secure a correct follow-up have been delayed, since they were not properly integrated within the Action Plan of the policy.
Le conferenze Habitat e gli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (SDGs) si sono distinti per i loro sforzi nel cercare soluzioni per città in rapida crescita in tutto il mondo, come le città nel Costa Rica, per le quali si prevede un livello di urbanizzazione dell’87% entro il 2040. Questi accordi chiedono ai governi di creare coerenti Politiche Urbane Nazionali e sviluppare la cooperazione per l’adozione di Programmi Regionali per affrontare le questioni urbane. Il governo del Costa Rica ha partecipato alla conferenza Habitat III, e, di conseguenza, ha creato nel 2018 la Politica Urbana Nazionale di Sviluppo 2018-2030 o PNDU (Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano 2018-2030 in Spagnolo). Inizialmente sono state valutate la dimensione urbana costaricana e le politiche associate ad essa che sono state sviluppate nel tempo. Quindi, il Costa Rica è stato confrontato con le regioni dell’America Latina e sono state individuate le principali problematiche legate all’urbanizzazione. Inoltre, è stato descritto il ruolo storico che l’America Latina ed i Caraibi hanno avuto nella definizione dell’agenda globale, insieme agli impegni presi ed agli attori chiave che hanno giocato un ruolo chiave nel supporto allo sviluppo sostenibile. Questi elementi sono stati necessari per arrivare alla PNDU, i cui contenuti sono stati analizzati seguendo i più recenti standard delle Nazioni Unite e dell’OECD, al fine di valutare il processo di formulazione, implementazione e monitoraggio della politica. Il ruolo che l’America Latina ha avuto nei summit globali nel passato è stato limitato, come nel caso del Costa Rica per Habitat III. Tuttavia, recentemente, la regione ha acquisito nuovi compromessi in un Piano d’Azione Regionale guidato dai Ministri dell’Abitazione e Sviluppo Urbano della regione. Si è determinato che il Costa Rica ha il potenziale per cambiare le dinamiche urbane della rete delle città in America latina, ma prima di tutto deve superare gli ostacoli legati alla parità di reddito e spesa pubblica. La PNDU segue gli standard internazionali, e comprende i principi stabiliti nella Nuova Agenda Urbana. Lo sforzo politico nel promuovere questo documento è stato coerente. Tuttavia, i risultati per garantirne uno sviluppo adeguato sono stati ritardati in quanto non sono stati propriamente integrati nel Piano d’Azione della politica.
National urban policy in the context of the new urban agenda. The case of Costa Rica
JIMENEZ ALVARADO, MARIA JOSE
2018/2019
Abstract
The Habitat conferences and SDG’s have stand out for their efforts to find solutions for fast-growing cities across the world such as Costa Rican cities, which are predicted to have a level of urbanization of 87.2% by 2040 (UN-Habitat, 2016). These agreements ask governments to create coherent National Urban Policies and to develop cooperation to adopt Regional Agendas to address urban issues. The government of Costa Rica was participant in Habitat III, and as a result it created in 2018 the National Urban Development Policy 2018-2030 or PNDU (Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano 2018-2030 in Spanish). Initially the Costa Rican urban dimension and the associated policies that have been developed through time are assessed. Then, Costa Rica was compared in contrast with the Latin American region and the main problematics related to urbanization were found. Furthermore, the role that Latin America and the Caribbean has had historically in the global agenda setting was described along with the commitments and stakeholders that have been key to foster sustainable development. These elements were necessary to arrive to the PNDU, where the contents of the document were analyzed following the latest United Nations and OECD standards, to evaluate the processes of formulation, implementation, and monitoring of the policy. The role that Latin America had in the past global summits was limited, as in the case of Costa Rica in Habitat III. Nevertheless, recently the region has acquired new compromises in a Regional Action Plan driven by the Ministers of Housing and Urban Planning of the region. It was found that Costa Rica has the potential to change the urban dynamics of the network of cities in Latin America, but first it needs to overcome obstacles related to income inequalities and public spending. The PNDU follow international standards, and encompass the principles set in the New Urban Agenda. The political effort of promoting this document has been consistent. However, the outputs to secure a correct follow-up have been delayed, since they were not properly integrated within the Action Plan of the policy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/149891