For thousands of years rammed earth has represented an expression of diverse societies around the world as a technique that requires a craftsmanship similar to sculpture. Some of the earliest evidence of rammed earth’s origins are found in China, where archaeologists have excavated rammed earth walls built by the Longshan Culture of the Late Neolithic period (2600–1900 B.C.E.), between the Stone Age and the Bronze Age—a period that also marks the establishment of cities in China . Entire communities and well-recognized architects have explored it as an interesting approach to human experience in relation to nature, as it is built from the work of people in direct contact with the soil taken from the place around it, making it at the same time one of the most sustainable construction techniques nowadays, an architecture that comes from the earth and can go back to it later. Rammed earth carries an important value in matters of heritage (social identity), environment and human experience that needs to be re-evaluated in the modern context. With the passage of time and the mastery of new technologies, rammed earth has acquired a position in people’s minds as an unstable system formed of “dirt” that expresses the irregularities of society rather than its purity . Nowadays an effort to recover rammed earth vernacular buildings and adapt this traditional technique to modern architecture has been made by various entities, but it’s widespread use has been limited due to the popular idea that rammed earth can’t fit into the contemporary aesthetic standards of architecture, keeping a barrier in a path to sustainable architecture, and limiting its use only to environmentally conscious designers, architects and clients. This research presents a study on the perception of rammed earth mainly from an aesthetic point of view, guiding the reader on a direction where this vernacular tradition acts as a catalyst for a high-end sustainable future. A number of rammed earth constructions are briefly studied in both a historical vernacular context and a contemporary high-end architecture. The Repertory Grid technique was utilised for this investigation, this technique is a qualitative method much applied in environmental studies including architectural and market research, it is well rooted in George A. Kelly’s Personal Construct Psychology established in the 1950s, however in-depth explanation of the theory is beyond the scope of this thesis. Altogether, this study aims to analyse the aesthetic perception of rammed earth as an ancient and modern material considering its environmental and structural qualities. The results will serve as an overview of some characteristics that can be used in the construction market to identify opportunities allowing the promotion of rammed earth, reviving and adapting this heritage to contemporary needs as a step towards its diffusion and wider uptake.
Per migliaia di anni la terra battuta ha rappresentato un'espressione di diverse società in tutto il mondo come una tecnica che richiede un artigianato simile alla scultura. Alcune delle prime prove delle origini del pisé si trovano in Cina, dove gli archeologi hanno scavato pareti di terra battuta costruite dalla cultura Longshan del tardo Neolitico (2600-1900 a.C.), tra l'età della pietra e l'età del bronzo, un periodo che segna anche l'istituzione di città in Cina. Intere comunità e noti architetti l'hanno esplorato come un approccio interessante all'esperienza umana in relazione alla natura, poiché è costruito dal lavoro delle persone a diretto contatto con il suolo prelevato dal luogo circostante, rendendolo allo stesso tempo una delle tecniche di costruzione più sostenibili al giorno d'oggi, un'architettura che viene dalla terra e può risalire ad essa in un secondo momento. La terra battuta ha un valore importante in materia di patrimonio (identità sociale), ambiente ed esperienza umana che deve essere rivalutata nel contesto moderno. Con il passare del tempo e la padronanza delle nuove tecnologie, la terra battuta ha acquisito una posizione nelle menti delle persone come un sistema instabile formato da "sporcizia" che esprime le irregolarità della società piuttosto che la sua purezza. Oggi uno sforzo per recuperare edifici vernacolari in terra battuta e adattare questa tecnica tradizionale all'architettura moderna è stato fatto da varie entità, ma il suo uso diffuso è stato limitato a causa dell'idea popolare che la terra battuta non possa adattarsi agli standard estetici contemporanei dell'architettura , mantenendo una barriera in un percorso verso l'architettura sostenibile e limitandone l'uso solo a designer, architetti e clienti attenti all'ambiente. Questa ricerca presenta uno studio sulla percezione del pisé principalmente da un punto di vista estetico, guidando il lettore in una direzione in cui questa tradizione vernacolare funge da catalizzatore per un futuro sostenibile di alto livello. Un certo numero di costruzioni in terra battuta sono brevemente studiate sia in un contesto vernacolare storico che in un'architettura di fascia alta contemporanea. La tecnica della griglia del repertorio è stata utilizzata per questa indagine, questa tecnica è un metodo qualitativo molto applicato in studi ambientali tra cui ricerche di architettura e di mercato, è ben radicato nella psicologia del costrutto personale di George A. Kelly, fondata negli anni '50, tuttavia una spiegazione approfondita di la teoria va oltre lo scopo di questa tesi. Complessivamente, questo studio mira a analizzare la percezione estetica del pisé come materiale antico e moderno considerando le sue qualità ambientali e strutturali. I risultati serviranno come una panoramica di alcune caratteristiche che possono essere utilizzate nel mercato delle costruzioni per identificare opportunità che consentano la promozione della terra battuta, ravvivando e adattando questo patrimonio ai bisogni contemporanei come un passo verso la sua diffusione e diffusione.
The aesthetics of rammed earth : perceptions and uptake in contemporary architecture
CARRILLO ALVEAR, PAULA ESTEFANÍA
2018/2019
Abstract
For thousands of years rammed earth has represented an expression of diverse societies around the world as a technique that requires a craftsmanship similar to sculpture. Some of the earliest evidence of rammed earth’s origins are found in China, where archaeologists have excavated rammed earth walls built by the Longshan Culture of the Late Neolithic period (2600–1900 B.C.E.), between the Stone Age and the Bronze Age—a period that also marks the establishment of cities in China . Entire communities and well-recognized architects have explored it as an interesting approach to human experience in relation to nature, as it is built from the work of people in direct contact with the soil taken from the place around it, making it at the same time one of the most sustainable construction techniques nowadays, an architecture that comes from the earth and can go back to it later. Rammed earth carries an important value in matters of heritage (social identity), environment and human experience that needs to be re-evaluated in the modern context. With the passage of time and the mastery of new technologies, rammed earth has acquired a position in people’s minds as an unstable system formed of “dirt” that expresses the irregularities of society rather than its purity . Nowadays an effort to recover rammed earth vernacular buildings and adapt this traditional technique to modern architecture has been made by various entities, but it’s widespread use has been limited due to the popular idea that rammed earth can’t fit into the contemporary aesthetic standards of architecture, keeping a barrier in a path to sustainable architecture, and limiting its use only to environmentally conscious designers, architects and clients. This research presents a study on the perception of rammed earth mainly from an aesthetic point of view, guiding the reader on a direction where this vernacular tradition acts as a catalyst for a high-end sustainable future. A number of rammed earth constructions are briefly studied in both a historical vernacular context and a contemporary high-end architecture. The Repertory Grid technique was utilised for this investigation, this technique is a qualitative method much applied in environmental studies including architectural and market research, it is well rooted in George A. Kelly’s Personal Construct Psychology established in the 1950s, however in-depth explanation of the theory is beyond the scope of this thesis. Altogether, this study aims to analyse the aesthetic perception of rammed earth as an ancient and modern material considering its environmental and structural qualities. The results will serve as an overview of some characteristics that can be used in the construction market to identify opportunities allowing the promotion of rammed earth, reviving and adapting this heritage to contemporary needs as a step towards its diffusion and wider uptake.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2019_10_Carrillo_02_compressed.pdf
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Descrizione: 2019_10_ Carrillo_Boards
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Descrizione: The Aesthetics of Rammed Earth: Perceptions and Uptake in Contemporary Architecture.
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/150410