Recurrent Airways Obstruction (RAO), or heaves, is an inflammatory lung disease that affects between 10 and 15% of the adult horses living in temperate climates. It is a chronic disorder comparable to severe human asthma, strongly influencing horses’ wellbeing and performances. Clinical signs can vary significantly with the severity of the disease. While horses suffering from severe RAO show remarkable symptoms, subjects with mild obstruction may show functional impairments only during exercise, increasing the difficulty of a sensitive and specific diagnosis. The commonly used diagnostic methods comprehend a wide range of procedures, such as evaluation of clinical markers, endoscopy, forced expiration, etc. However, those tests present several drawbacks such as invasiveness, need of subject sedation and insufficient sensitivity. A potentially interesting alternative is represented by the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT), a minimally invasive technique able to characterize the mechanical properties of the respiratory system by its response to small amplitude pressure oscillation applied to the airway opening, without requiring subject cooperation. Up to now, only few systems have been developed and validated to apply this technique on horses, but they resulted too cumbersome and complex to be applied in clinical practice and, therefore, no diagnostic devices exploiting FOT are commercially available. The aim of this project was to design and develop a small and simple to use portable device, based on a new way to apply FOT, able to support diagnosis also in asymptomatic horses. Once developed, an in-vitro evaluation proved the accuracy of the device, while in-vivo validation performed on 21 horses in collaboration with Université de Montréal, including healthy and pathologic subjects, confirmed the sensitivity and specificity of this device in delivering correct classification.
Recurrent Airways Obstruction (RAO) è una malattia infiammatoria polmonare che colpisce tra il 10 e il 15% dei cavalli adulti che vivono in climi temperati. La RAO è una malattia cronica comparabile all’asma grave nell’uomo che influenza fortemente il benessere e le prestazioni dei cavalli. I segni clinici possono variare significativamente a seconda della gravità della malattia. Mentre i cavalli che soffrono di una forma grave di RAO mostrano sintomi evidenti, soggetti con ostruzioni lievi possono mostrare solamente una riduzione delle prestazioni durante l’esercizio, aumentando la difficoltà di una diagnosi specifica. I metodi diagnostici convenzionali comprendono una vasta gamma di procedure, come valutazione di marker clinici, endoscopia, espirazione forzata, ecc. Tuttavia, questi test presentano numerose controindicazioni come invasività, necessità di sedare il soggetto e insufficiente sensitività. Un’alternativa potenzialmente interessante è rappresentata dalla Tecnica delle Oscillazioni Forzate (FOT), una procedura minimamente invasiva capace di caratterizzare le proprietà meccaniche del sistema respiratorio dalla sua risposta ad oscillazioni pressorie di piccola ampiezza applicate all’ingresso delle vie aeree, senza richiedere la collaborazione del soggetto. Finora, per applicare questa tecnica su cavalli, sono stati sviluppati e validati solo pochi sistemi, che sono però risultati troppo ingombranti e complessi per essere applicati nella pratica clinica e, perciò, nessun dispositivo diagnostico che sfrutti la FOT è presente sul mercato. Lo scopo di questo progetto è stato il design e lo sviluppo di un piccolo e semplice dispositivo portatile, basato su una nuova modalità di applicazione della FOT, capace di supportare la diagnosi anche per soggetti asintomatici. Una volta sviluppato, una valutazione in vitro ha dimostrato l’accuratezza del dispositivo, mentre una valutazione in vivo effettuata in collaborazione con Université de Montréal, su 21 cavalli, sia sani che malati, ha confermato la sensitività e specificità del dispositivo nel classificare correttamente i due gruppi.
A novel device for lung function test in horses
PAGANINI, STEFANO;PALMISANO AVALLONE, MATTEO
2018/2019
Abstract
Recurrent Airways Obstruction (RAO), or heaves, is an inflammatory lung disease that affects between 10 and 15% of the adult horses living in temperate climates. It is a chronic disorder comparable to severe human asthma, strongly influencing horses’ wellbeing and performances. Clinical signs can vary significantly with the severity of the disease. While horses suffering from severe RAO show remarkable symptoms, subjects with mild obstruction may show functional impairments only during exercise, increasing the difficulty of a sensitive and specific diagnosis. The commonly used diagnostic methods comprehend a wide range of procedures, such as evaluation of clinical markers, endoscopy, forced expiration, etc. However, those tests present several drawbacks such as invasiveness, need of subject sedation and insufficient sensitivity. A potentially interesting alternative is represented by the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT), a minimally invasive technique able to characterize the mechanical properties of the respiratory system by its response to small amplitude pressure oscillation applied to the airway opening, without requiring subject cooperation. Up to now, only few systems have been developed and validated to apply this technique on horses, but they resulted too cumbersome and complex to be applied in clinical practice and, therefore, no diagnostic devices exploiting FOT are commercially available. The aim of this project was to design and develop a small and simple to use portable device, based on a new way to apply FOT, able to support diagnosis also in asymptomatic horses. Once developed, an in-vitro evaluation proved the accuracy of the device, while in-vivo validation performed on 21 horses in collaboration with Université de Montréal, including healthy and pathologic subjects, confirmed the sensitivity and specificity of this device in delivering correct classification.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/150516