Industry 4.0 and related initiatives are shaping the direction of industrial development by dictating the changes occurring in almost any industrial and commercial grade product. As a consequence, long established electrical devices such as circuit breakers are no exception and their functionalities are now being augmented with additional functions with respect to their core ones. The use of internet connectivity on products brings into play the opportunity to exchange information quicker, i.e. in real time, from and to every location around the globe as long as an internet connection is available. This opportunity, while opening the doors to a myriad of new possible businesses and solutions, also increases significantly the risks associated with the cybersecurity aspects of the products. Smart products are indeed often highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks, partly because they were originally not intended to be used online and therefore cybersecurity was a secondary aspect if one at all, but mostly because as soon as a device is online it is immediately open to all the issues and threats that come with that kind of exposure. The recent sharp increase in cyber-attacks and security breaches calls for better security measures and, generally, for a different approach to cybersecurity as a whole. In this context the present work, after introducing the foundations of Industry 4.0 and related cybersecurity issues, provides a proof of concept of an architecture to be used on a system of smart circuit breakers, that allows to integrate different technologies (both on the smart devices themselves and on the Cloud infrastructure) with the final aim to deliver remote real time data analysis on the measurements and ensuring state of the art cybersecurity through the use of Azure Sphere, i.e. a newly developed microcontroller unit (MCU) specifically designed with security in mind and aimed at the mass production volumes expected from Industry 4.0. After having introduced the structure of the architecture and explained its setup procedure, four examples of application are proposed: • Interactive analysis of the load curves using a R Shiny application. • Construction and interactive analysis of the load duration curves through a R Shiny application. • Modelling of the joint and conditioned distributions of active and reactive power oscillations through a copula model. • Simulation of pseudo-random load curves, based on the observed ones, through copulas.
Industria 4.0 e simili iniziative stanno contribuendo significativamente all’ orientamento dello sviluppo tecnologico industriale dettando i cambiamenti in atto in ogni tipologia di prodotto, sia esso commerciale o industriale. Le apparecchiature elettriche tradizionali come gli interruttori non rappresentano una eccezione e le loro funzionalità sono continuamente ampliate con funzioni aggiuntive rispetto a quelle storiche e fondamentali. L’utilizzo della connettività alla rete, se da un lato apre le porte all’opportunità di un rapido scambio di informazioni, spesso in tempo reale, da e verso ogni posizione nel mondo, dall’altro aumenta in modo significativo i rischi associati agli aspetti relativi alla sicurezza informatica. Gli smart products sono infatti spesso vulnerabili ad attacchi informatici, in parte siccome originariamente non erano stati pensati per essere utilizzati online (ad esempio nel caso in cui la connettività sia stata aggiunta successivamente) e in parte siccome un qualunque dispositivo online è inevitabilmente esposto alle criticità che in passato affliggevano i soli computer. Il recente aumento del numero di attacchi informatici pone l’attenzione sulla necessità di migliorare le misure di sicurezza adottate e, in generale, di cambiare radicalmente l’approccio al tema sicurezza informatica. In questo contesto, il presente lavoro, dopo aver introdotto i fondamenti dell’industria 4.0 e le relative criticità, propone una architettura da utilizzarsi in un sistema di interruttori smart che permette l’integrazione di diverse tecnologie (sia sugli interruttori che sul Cloud) con l’obiettivo finale di permettere l’analisi in tempo reale da remoto dei dati sulle misurazioni, garantendo al tempo stesso lo stato dell’arte per quanto riguarda la sicurezza informatica. Quest’ultimo obiettivo è raggiunto attraverso l’uso di un microcontrollore (MCU) di ultima generazione, Azure Sphere, progettato specificamente per l’utilizzo in smart products nell’ambito dell’industria 4.0. Dopo aver introdotto la struttura dell’architettura e presentato le procedure operative per l’utilizzo, vengono illustrati quattro esempi di applicazione: • Analisi interattiva delle curve di carico mediante una applicazione R Shiny. • Costruzione e analisi interattiva delle curve di durata mediante una applicazione R Shiny. • Modellazione della distribuzione congiunta e condizionata delle oscillazioni di potenza attiva e reattiva attraverso la teoria delle copule. • Simulazione di curve di carico pseudo-casuali, sulla base di quelle osservate, attraverso un modello basato su copule.
Industry 4.0 architecture for analysis of data from smart circuit breakers
ALICE, MICHY
2018/2019
Abstract
Industry 4.0 and related initiatives are shaping the direction of industrial development by dictating the changes occurring in almost any industrial and commercial grade product. As a consequence, long established electrical devices such as circuit breakers are no exception and their functionalities are now being augmented with additional functions with respect to their core ones. The use of internet connectivity on products brings into play the opportunity to exchange information quicker, i.e. in real time, from and to every location around the globe as long as an internet connection is available. This opportunity, while opening the doors to a myriad of new possible businesses and solutions, also increases significantly the risks associated with the cybersecurity aspects of the products. Smart products are indeed often highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks, partly because they were originally not intended to be used online and therefore cybersecurity was a secondary aspect if one at all, but mostly because as soon as a device is online it is immediately open to all the issues and threats that come with that kind of exposure. The recent sharp increase in cyber-attacks and security breaches calls for better security measures and, generally, for a different approach to cybersecurity as a whole. In this context the present work, after introducing the foundations of Industry 4.0 and related cybersecurity issues, provides a proof of concept of an architecture to be used on a system of smart circuit breakers, that allows to integrate different technologies (both on the smart devices themselves and on the Cloud infrastructure) with the final aim to deliver remote real time data analysis on the measurements and ensuring state of the art cybersecurity through the use of Azure Sphere, i.e. a newly developed microcontroller unit (MCU) specifically designed with security in mind and aimed at the mass production volumes expected from Industry 4.0. After having introduced the structure of the architecture and explained its setup procedure, four examples of application are proposed: • Interactive analysis of the load curves using a R Shiny application. • Construction and interactive analysis of the load duration curves through a R Shiny application. • Modelling of the joint and conditioned distributions of active and reactive power oscillations through a copula model. • Simulation of pseudo-random load curves, based on the observed ones, through copulas.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/150598