The present thesis work was carried out with the aim of analyzing the management system of food waste (currently mostly collected inside bioplastic bags) through its treatment in anaerobic digestion (AD) for the production of biogas, then used for the cogeneration of heat and power by means of internal combustion engines. In particular the analysis, based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, focuses on the environmental and energy impacts, comparing this system with the one based on recycled paper bags for the household storage and delivery of the food waste to treatment. The project was inspired by the awareness of the current issues, observed in aerobic and anaerobic treatment plants, to manage the process with bioplastics, which were found to be not optimal for the treatments, being reluctant to degrade completely and causing hydraulic issues, leading to the removal of the bags upstream of the treatment and to their incineration. Paper bags, on the other hand, are considered more suitable for the treatment; Furthermore, according to the study conducted by Dolci et al. (2018), laboratory tests allowed to compare the biomethane potential from their treatment through anaerobic digestion with the one obtained from bioplastics. Tests conducted under mesophilic conditions found a significantly higher potential for the paper matrix, both to the dedicated bioplastic bag (-68%) and shopper (-79%); Tests under thermophilic conditions, on the other hand, showed negligible differences between the biomethane potential obtained from paper and bioplastic dedicated bag, while the shopper achieved 51% lower potential. The thesis work, therefore, with the support of LCA, focused on evaluating the effective environmental and energetic advantages of the system utilizing recycled paper bags for the household storage of the food waste. The boundary of the system includes all the processes from the bag production to the collection of food waste and its subsequent treatment, until it comes out of the system as emission or as product, that will result in an avoided generation of electricity, heat, mineral fertilizers and peat. The results revealed how the paper bag has effective environmental advantages, in all the impact categories, in comparison with the two types of bioplastic bags. In addition, a contribution analysis has allowed to identify the most impactful phases, recognized in the food waste collection and in the bag production. Finally, a sensitivity analysis revealed how the amount of waste conferred in the bag and the frequency with which food waste is collected are parameters that significantly affect the results.
Il presente lavoro di tesi è stato realizzato con la finalità di analizzare il sistema di gestione della frazione umida dei rifiuti solidi urbani (attualmente per lo più conferita in sacchetti di bioplastica) tramite trattamento in impianto di digestione anaerobica, per la produzione di biogas, successivamente utilizzato nella cogenerazione di calore e potenza tramite motori a combustione interna. In particolare, l’attenzione è volta a confrontare l’impatto ambientale ed energetico di tale sistema con quello che vede la raccolta e il conferimento del rifiuto organico in impianto di trattamento tramite sacchetti di carta riciclata. Il progetto è nato dalla consapevolezza dell’attuale difficoltà, riscontrata negli impianti di trattamento aerobico e anaerobico, a gestire il processo con la bioplastica, rilevata non ottimale per il trattamento, poiché di scarsa degradabilità e poiché causa di problemi idraulici nei sistemi a umido, portando alla necessità di rimuovere lo stesso sacchetto a monte del trattamento. I sacchetti in carta, al contrario, sono considerati più idonei al trattamento; inoltre, secondo quanto riportato da Dolci et al. (2018), test in laboratorio hanno permesso di confrontare il potenziale di biometano ottenibile dal loro trattamento tramite digestione anaerobica con quello ottenibile dalla bioplastica. I test sostenuti in condizioni mesofile hanno riscontrato un potenziale della matrice in carta nettamente superiore, sia al sacchetto dedicato (-68%) sia allo shopper (-79%); i test condotti in condizioni termofile, invece, hanno mostrato differenze trascurabili tra il potenziale di biometano ottenibile da carta e sacchetto dedicato, mentre lo shopper ha ottenuto un potenziale del 51% inferiore. Il lavoro di tesi è orientato, dunque, a valutare l’effettivo vantaggio ambientale ed energetico del sistema con conferimento in sacchetto di carta riciclata, utilizzando la metodologia di analisi del ciclo di vita (LCA). All’interno dei confini del sistema sono stati inclusi tutti i processi a partire dalla produzione del sacchetto alla raccolta del rifiuto e successivo trattamento, fino a quando il rifiuto esce dal sistema come emissione o come prodotto, che risulterà in un’evitata generazione di elettricità, calore e fertilizzante minerale. I risultati hanno messo in luce come il sacchetto di carta comporti, nel confronto con i due tipi di sacchetti di bioplastica analizzati, effettivi vantaggi ambientali in tutte le categorie d’impatto. Inoltre, tramite un’analisi dei contributi, è stato possibile individuare le fasi maggiormente impattanti, riconosciute nella raccolta del rifiuto e nella produzione del sacchetto. Infine, un’analisi di sensitività ha permesso di comprendere come la quantità di rifiuto immessa nel sacchetto e la frequenza con cui viene effettuata la raccolta siano parametri che influenzano notevolmente i risultati.
Life cycle assessment of paper and bioplastic bags for food waste collection
VERÌ, ALESSANDRA
2018/2019
Abstract
The present thesis work was carried out with the aim of analyzing the management system of food waste (currently mostly collected inside bioplastic bags) through its treatment in anaerobic digestion (AD) for the production of biogas, then used for the cogeneration of heat and power by means of internal combustion engines. In particular the analysis, based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, focuses on the environmental and energy impacts, comparing this system with the one based on recycled paper bags for the household storage and delivery of the food waste to treatment. The project was inspired by the awareness of the current issues, observed in aerobic and anaerobic treatment plants, to manage the process with bioplastics, which were found to be not optimal for the treatments, being reluctant to degrade completely and causing hydraulic issues, leading to the removal of the bags upstream of the treatment and to their incineration. Paper bags, on the other hand, are considered more suitable for the treatment; Furthermore, according to the study conducted by Dolci et al. (2018), laboratory tests allowed to compare the biomethane potential from their treatment through anaerobic digestion with the one obtained from bioplastics. Tests conducted under mesophilic conditions found a significantly higher potential for the paper matrix, both to the dedicated bioplastic bag (-68%) and shopper (-79%); Tests under thermophilic conditions, on the other hand, showed negligible differences between the biomethane potential obtained from paper and bioplastic dedicated bag, while the shopper achieved 51% lower potential. The thesis work, therefore, with the support of LCA, focused on evaluating the effective environmental and energetic advantages of the system utilizing recycled paper bags for the household storage of the food waste. The boundary of the system includes all the processes from the bag production to the collection of food waste and its subsequent treatment, until it comes out of the system as emission or as product, that will result in an avoided generation of electricity, heat, mineral fertilizers and peat. The results revealed how the paper bag has effective environmental advantages, in all the impact categories, in comparison with the two types of bioplastic bags. In addition, a contribution analysis has allowed to identify the most impactful phases, recognized in the food waste collection and in the bag production. Finally, a sensitivity analysis revealed how the amount of waste conferred in the bag and the frequency with which food waste is collected are parameters that significantly affect the results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/150647