CMS is a detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN designed to detect particles generated in collisions between proton bunches at an energy in the center of mass system of 13 TeV. The aim of this thesis work, developed under the BRIL (Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity) Project at CMS, has been to employ the FLUKA Monte Carlo code to study the prompt radiation field, generated by the secondaries produced in the collisions and their subsequent interaction with matter, and the residual field in shutdown periods, due to the activation of materials. For radiation protection studies, FLUKA has been used alongside SESAME, a set of tools developed by the BRIL Project, which allows to perform two-step calculations separating the transport of the prompt radiation from the transport of the decay one, introducing modifications in the geometry of the problem and allowing flexibility during the shutdown period when considering CMS cavern configurations different from the nominal one. Indeed, an important aspect of the planning of future activities scheduled for the Long Shutdown 3 starting in 2023 is to give the best possible estimates of dose to personnel during maintenance work. With the most recent predictions on the delivered luminosity for years 2021 to 2023, the residual radiation field was characterized for possible cases and for possible configurations of the components of the detector: within safety factors, this allowed to give the proper radiological classification to the areas of interest, to highlight optimal solutions applying the ALARA principle and to compare with the due exemption limits the specific activities of the radionuclide in materials which will have to be disposed. Furthermore, with the aim of investigating flexibility, limitations and reliability of the overall simulation tools, a comparison was done between measurements and estimation of H*(10) rates: this allowed to consolidate previous comparisons and to have satisfactory estimates of safety margins to be applied on future dose estimates for regions of CMS which hadn't been analysed yet.
CMS è un esperimento presso il Large Hadron Collider al CERN progettato per rivelare particelle generate in collisioni tra pacchetti di protoni ad una energia nel centro di massa di 13 TeV. Lo scopo del presente lavoro, realizzato presso il Progetto BRIL (Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity) di CMS, è stato utilizzare il codice Monte Carlo FLUKA per studiare le caratteristiche del campo di radiazione pronto, generato dai secondari prodotti dalle collisioni e dalle loro interazioni con la materia, e di quello residuo nei periodi di spegnimento, dato dall'attivazione dei materiali. Per gli studi radioprotezionistici, FLUKA è stato utilizzato unitamente al software SESAME sviluppato all'interno del Progetto BRIL e che consente di separare il trasporto della radiazione pronta da quella di decadimento, introducendo modifiche nella geometria del problema e dando flessibilità nello studio di configurazioni differenti da quella nominale. Infatti, un aspetto importante nella pianificazione delle attività previste per il terzo periodo di spegnimento dal 2023 è fornire la miglior stima possibile della dose al personale durante i lavori di manutenzione. Con le più recenti stime sulla luminosità impartita tra il 2021 e il 2023, il campo di radiazione residuo è stato studiato per possibili casistiche e per specifiche configurazioni di componenti del rivelatore: entro fattori di margine, questo ha consentito di fornire una classificazione radiologica delle aree interessate, di individuare soluzioni ottimali secondo il principio ALARA e di confrontare le stime di attività specifica dei radionuclidi nei materiali che dovranno essere smaltiti con gli opportuni limiti di allontanamento. Inoltre, con l'obiettivo di indagare versatilità, limitazioni e affidabilità dell'insieme degli strumenti di simulazione, sono stati fatti dei confronti tra stime di ratei di H*(10) e misure: questo ha consentito in modo soddisfacente di consolidare precedenti confronti e di avere stime più accurate e realistiche di fattori di sicurezza applicabili per stime di dose in regioni di CMS che non erano state precedentemente analizzate.
Simulations for the CMS radiation field : results for shutdown scenarios and benchmarks
BOZZATO, DAVIDE
2018/2019
Abstract
CMS is a detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN designed to detect particles generated in collisions between proton bunches at an energy in the center of mass system of 13 TeV. The aim of this thesis work, developed under the BRIL (Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity) Project at CMS, has been to employ the FLUKA Monte Carlo code to study the prompt radiation field, generated by the secondaries produced in the collisions and their subsequent interaction with matter, and the residual field in shutdown periods, due to the activation of materials. For radiation protection studies, FLUKA has been used alongside SESAME, a set of tools developed by the BRIL Project, which allows to perform two-step calculations separating the transport of the prompt radiation from the transport of the decay one, introducing modifications in the geometry of the problem and allowing flexibility during the shutdown period when considering CMS cavern configurations different from the nominal one. Indeed, an important aspect of the planning of future activities scheduled for the Long Shutdown 3 starting in 2023 is to give the best possible estimates of dose to personnel during maintenance work. With the most recent predictions on the delivered luminosity for years 2021 to 2023, the residual radiation field was characterized for possible cases and for possible configurations of the components of the detector: within safety factors, this allowed to give the proper radiological classification to the areas of interest, to highlight optimal solutions applying the ALARA principle and to compare with the due exemption limits the specific activities of the radionuclide in materials which will have to be disposed. Furthermore, with the aim of investigating flexibility, limitations and reliability of the overall simulation tools, a comparison was done between measurements and estimation of H*(10) rates: this allowed to consolidate previous comparisons and to have satisfactory estimates of safety margins to be applied on future dose estimates for regions of CMS which hadn't been analysed yet.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2019_12_Bozzato.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/150828