The following work will deal with an environment different from the company standard that is thought when it deals with time and cost estimates, personnel management and production planning. The world that is taken into consideration in this thesis is the reality of Social Cooperatives, whose main focus is the person, and not the creation of profits. But it is wanted to show how, despite the main objective that has just been shown that it must never be lost sight of, even in this corporate category it can be possible to be competitive as in a normal company. After having highlighted the characteristics of the Social Cooperatives, the benefits, mainly fiscal, which they enjoy and also the laws that protect them, it is possible to get to the heart of the description of this project. The following work presents guidelines that the start-up FARE Srl can use to support social cooperatives in optimizing the work performance of disabled operators and their characteristics, taking into consideration ergonomics and safety at work, for the ultimate purpose of making social cooperatives competitive enterprises. Guidelines will, therefore, be provided regarding the transition of a cooperative towards the configuration of a company: by doing so, a cooperative may aim to be more competitive on the market. In this regard, key points have been identified on which a cooperative could act: basic marketing and product lines, thus identifying the most suitable product categories for a given type of organization; production planning and mapping of the operators, trying to associate each worker with the activity most suited to his abilities; finally, inventory management, which must be planned. Concerning the issues mentioned above, FARE Srl has exercised - with the support of the Politecnico di Milano - with the L' Iride Cooperativa Sociale Onlus (as a partner of FARE Srl) on the analysis of current processes and, subsequently, on the mapping of operators and production planning. This exercise highlighted some significant needs for change (for example, the type and method of information management), which can prospectively enable enormous advantages in the production planning phase (in terms of time and costs). Finally, a further example of a Cooperative (already in an advanced transition towards a competitive enterprise configuration) was reported as a benchmark, as a starting point for reflection. After broadly defining and describing at a theoretical level what are the guidelines that a cooperative should follow in order to become competitive on the market, a more in-depth analysis was carried out, precisely in the "laboratory" of FARE Srl, that is L'Iride Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, thinking about how to revolutionize and improve the IT tool used to monitor and program production. In particular, what it is wanted to obtain from this analysis is a tool for budgeting in terms of time and costs that allows, precisely, to arrive at the optimization of the latter. To do this, the instrument must be provided with a detailed analysis of the operators, that is their mapping with all the skills associated with them, always thinking that they are people with characteristics different from normal, and all the products present in the cooperative, divided into specific phases, to which the required times and abilities are assigned. Finally, another element considered is the costs of raw materials, work - in - progress products and labour costs. What you get is a linear optimization algorithm with an objective function that minimizes the time and costs required to produce the defined products, obviously under different constraints and variables. Then, after listing the optimal conditions in which the different processing steps must be performed, a practical example in the Iride Cooperative is described, taking as a reference a product of a loyal customer. Finally, it is important to underline that this system must be updated over time, to be ever more effective and efficient and to allow Social Cooperatives to make ever greater progress in the field of competitiveness.
Il seguente lavoro tratterà di un ambiente diverso dallo standard aziendale a cui si può essere abituati quando si parla di preventivazione di tempi e costi, gestione del personale e pianificazione della produzione. Quella che viene presa in considerazione in questa tesi è la realtà delle Cooperative Sociali, il cui focus principale è la persona, e non la creazione degli utili. Ma si vuole dimostrare come, nonostante l’obiettivo principale appena evidenziato che non deve mai essere perso di vista, anche in questa categoria societaria si può arrivare ad essere competitivi come in una normale azienda. Dopo aver evidenziato quali sono le caratteristiche delle Cooperative Sociali, i benefici, principalmente fiscali, di cui godono e anche le leggi che le tutelano, si può entrare nel vivo della descrizione di questo progetto. Il seguente lavoro presenta delle linee guida che la start – up FARE Srl può utilizzare per supportare le Cooperative sociali nell’ottimizzare le prestazioni di lavoro degli operatori disabili e le loro caratteristiche, tenendo conto dell’ergonomia e sicurezza sul lavoro, al fine ultimo di rendere le Cooperative sociali delle imprese competitive. Verranno quindi fornite linee guida riguardanti la transizione di una cooperativa verso la configurazione di impresa: così facendo, una cooperativa potrà puntare ad essere più competitiva sul mercato. A tale proposito, sono stati individuati dei punti chiave su cui una cooperativa potrebbe agire: linee base di marketing e prodotto, individuando quindi le categorie di prodotti più adatti per un determinato tipo di organizzazione; pianificazione della produzione e mappatura degli operatori, cercando di associare ad ogni lavoratore l’attività più adatta alle sue abilità; infine, la gestione delle scorte, che deve essere programmata. Rispetto alle tematiche appena riportate, FARE Srl si è esercitata – con il supporto del Politecnico di Milano – con L'Iride Cooperativa Sociale Onlus (in quanto socio di FARE Srl) sull’analisi dei processi attuali e, in seguito, sulla mappatura degli operatori e sulla pianificazione della produzione. Tale esercizio ha evidenziato alcune significative necessità di cambiamento (ad esempio, la tipologia e la modalità di gestione delle informazioni), che possono prospetticamente abilitare enormi vantaggi nella fase di pianificazione della produzione (in termini di tempi e costi). È stato infine riportato un ulteriore esempio di Cooperativa (già in avanzata transizione verso la configurazione di impresa competitiva) a titolo di benchmark, come spunto di riflessione. Dopo aver definito e descritto ampiamente a livello teorico quali sono le linee guida che una cooperativa dovrebbe seguire per poter diventare competitiva sul mercato, si è svolta un’analisi più approfondita, appunto nel “laboratorio” di FARE Srl, ovvero L’Iride Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, pensando a come poter rivoluzionare e migliorare lo strumento informatico usato per monitorare e programmare la produzione. In particolare, quello che si vuole ottenere da questa analisi è uno strumento di preventivazione in termini di tempi e costi che permetta, appunto, di arrivare all’ottimizzazione di questi ultimi. Per fare ciò, nello strumento dovrà essere fornita una dettagliata analisi degli operatori, ovvero la loro mappatura con tutte le abilità ad essi associate, pensando sempre che si tratti di persone con caratteristiche diverse dal normale, e tutti i prodotti presenti nella cooperativa, suddivisi in fasi specifiche, a cui sono assegnati i tempi e le abilità richieste. Infine, un altro elemento considerato sono i costi delle materie prime, dei semilavorati e il costo del lavoro. Quello a cui si arriva è un algoritmo di ottimizzazione lineare con una funzione obiettivo che minimizza i tempi e i costi necessari per produrre i prodotti definiti, ovviamente sottostante a diversi vincoli e variabili. Segue poi, dopo aver elencato le condizioni ottimali in cui devono essere svolte le differenti fasi di lavorazione, un esempio pratico nella Cooperativa Iride, prendendo come riferimento un prodotto di un cliente fidelizzato. Infine, è importante sottolineare che questo sistema deve essere aggiornato nel corso del tempo, per poter essere sempre più efficace ed efficiente e per poter permettere alle Cooperative Sociali di fare sempre più grandi passi avanti in ambito di competitività.
How could a social cooperative become a company ?
BRAMBILLA, BEATRICE
2018/2019
Abstract
The following work will deal with an environment different from the company standard that is thought when it deals with time and cost estimates, personnel management and production planning. The world that is taken into consideration in this thesis is the reality of Social Cooperatives, whose main focus is the person, and not the creation of profits. But it is wanted to show how, despite the main objective that has just been shown that it must never be lost sight of, even in this corporate category it can be possible to be competitive as in a normal company. After having highlighted the characteristics of the Social Cooperatives, the benefits, mainly fiscal, which they enjoy and also the laws that protect them, it is possible to get to the heart of the description of this project. The following work presents guidelines that the start-up FARE Srl can use to support social cooperatives in optimizing the work performance of disabled operators and their characteristics, taking into consideration ergonomics and safety at work, for the ultimate purpose of making social cooperatives competitive enterprises. Guidelines will, therefore, be provided regarding the transition of a cooperative towards the configuration of a company: by doing so, a cooperative may aim to be more competitive on the market. In this regard, key points have been identified on which a cooperative could act: basic marketing and product lines, thus identifying the most suitable product categories for a given type of organization; production planning and mapping of the operators, trying to associate each worker with the activity most suited to his abilities; finally, inventory management, which must be planned. Concerning the issues mentioned above, FARE Srl has exercised - with the support of the Politecnico di Milano - with the L' Iride Cooperativa Sociale Onlus (as a partner of FARE Srl) on the analysis of current processes and, subsequently, on the mapping of operators and production planning. This exercise highlighted some significant needs for change (for example, the type and method of information management), which can prospectively enable enormous advantages in the production planning phase (in terms of time and costs). Finally, a further example of a Cooperative (already in an advanced transition towards a competitive enterprise configuration) was reported as a benchmark, as a starting point for reflection. After broadly defining and describing at a theoretical level what are the guidelines that a cooperative should follow in order to become competitive on the market, a more in-depth analysis was carried out, precisely in the "laboratory" of FARE Srl, that is L'Iride Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, thinking about how to revolutionize and improve the IT tool used to monitor and program production. In particular, what it is wanted to obtain from this analysis is a tool for budgeting in terms of time and costs that allows, precisely, to arrive at the optimization of the latter. To do this, the instrument must be provided with a detailed analysis of the operators, that is their mapping with all the skills associated with them, always thinking that they are people with characteristics different from normal, and all the products present in the cooperative, divided into specific phases, to which the required times and abilities are assigned. Finally, another element considered is the costs of raw materials, work - in - progress products and labour costs. What you get is a linear optimization algorithm with an objective function that minimizes the time and costs required to produce the defined products, obviously under different constraints and variables. Then, after listing the optimal conditions in which the different processing steps must be performed, a practical example in the Iride Cooperative is described, taking as a reference a product of a loyal customer. Finally, it is important to underline that this system must be updated over time, to be ever more effective and efficient and to allow Social Cooperatives to make ever greater progress in the field of competitiveness.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Testo della Tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/151088