The present thesis work is part of the CLEANKER European project, whose aim is the construction of a pilot plant for CO2 reduction in cement plants. In particular, the thesis work deepens the Calcium Looping process (based on the reversible carbonation reaction CaO+〖CO〗_2↔〖CaCO〗_3), analysing an innovative configuration called Open Loop CaL. The thesis work is focused on the process study and on the techno-economic analysis of the system both for a retrofitting possibility of an existing cement plant and in the case of the construction of a new plant (greenfield case). The main feature of this configuration is the absence of sorbent recirculation between the two CaL reactors (carbonator and calciner). Though, the plant needs a second calciner to guarantee the correct solid inlet composition in the rotary kiln: two calciners are used, both in oxy-combustion and also the raw meal preheating is different. The primary calciner works with a calcination degree equal to that of a conventional cement plant while the secondary, as previously said, has a calcination degree such to have the same solid composition at the inlet of the rotary kiln. The absence of solid recirculation between the reactors allows to have a better sorbent activity. The obtained results show that this configuration has very similar energetic results with respect to the full integrated configuration (which has already been discussed in the literature) in a retrofitting case but they are slightly better in a greenfield case, both from an economic and energetic and environmental point of view.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si colloca nell’ambito del progetto europeo CLEANKER, avente come obiettivo principale la realizzazione di un impianto pilota per l’abbattimento delle emissioni di CO2 in un cementificio. In particolare, questa tesi approfondisce il processo di Calcium Looping (basato come noto sulla reazione reversibile di carbonatazione CaO + CO2 → CaCO3), andando ad analizzare una configurazione innovativa denominata Open Loop CaL. Il lavoro si è incentrato sullo studio del processo e sull’analisi tecnico-economico del sistema sia nell’ottica di retrofit di un impianto esistente, sia nel caso di costruzione di un nuovo impianto. La peculiarità di questa configurazione è l’assenza di ricircolo del sorbente tra i due reattori presenti nel sistema CaL (carbonatore e calcinatore). L’impianto però necessita l’utilizzo di un secondo calcinatore al fine di garantire la corretta composizione dei solidi in ingresso al forno rotante: vengono infatti adoperati due calcinatori, entrambi operanti in ossicombustione, ed è diverso il processo di preriscaldo della raw meal. Il calcinatore primario lavora con un grado di calcinazione analogo a quello di un cementificio convenzionale mentre il secondario, come già detto in precedenza, lavora con un grado di calcinazione tale da garantire la stessa composizione dei solidi in ingresso al forno rotante. L’assenza di ricircolo della raw meal tra i reattori permette una attività massima del sorbente più elevata. I risultati ottenuti mostrano come questa configurazione abbia prestazioni energetiche molto simili a quelle del full integrated in caso di retrofit di impianto già esistente ma sia leggermente migliore del caso integrato in caso di costruzione di nuovo impianto, sia dal punto di vista economico che energetico-ambientale.
Techno-economic analysis of open loop calcium looping configuration for CO2 capture in cement plants
FEDELI, SIMONE
2018/2019
Abstract
The present thesis work is part of the CLEANKER European project, whose aim is the construction of a pilot plant for CO2 reduction in cement plants. In particular, the thesis work deepens the Calcium Looping process (based on the reversible carbonation reaction CaO+〖CO〗_2↔〖CaCO〗_3), analysing an innovative configuration called Open Loop CaL. The thesis work is focused on the process study and on the techno-economic analysis of the system both for a retrofitting possibility of an existing cement plant and in the case of the construction of a new plant (greenfield case). The main feature of this configuration is the absence of sorbent recirculation between the two CaL reactors (carbonator and calciner). Though, the plant needs a second calciner to guarantee the correct solid inlet composition in the rotary kiln: two calciners are used, both in oxy-combustion and also the raw meal preheating is different. The primary calciner works with a calcination degree equal to that of a conventional cement plant while the secondary, as previously said, has a calcination degree such to have the same solid composition at the inlet of the rotary kiln. The absence of solid recirculation between the reactors allows to have a better sorbent activity. The obtained results show that this configuration has very similar energetic results with respect to the full integrated configuration (which has already been discussed in the literature) in a retrofitting case but they are slightly better in a greenfield case, both from an economic and energetic and environmental point of view.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/151270