The purpose of this master thesis is, firstly, to understand which are the main barriers to the adoption of a Digital Export Strategy (or Cross-Border E-Commerce) by B2C companies and, secondly, to identify which drivers could overcome the obstacles and increase the usage of this type of strategy, with a particular focus on SMEs. These drivers are consequently transformed in three research questions or hypotheses and are eventually tested through an econometric analysis. Digital Export is a combination of two elements, usage of an E-Commerce platform to sell products from one side, and internationalization through export from the other one. After having performed an initial explanation of the meaning of the term E-Commerce, an analysis of its development and an examination of its benefits, especially when integrated with offline trade channels, a connection with internationalization is made, in order to deepen the increasing trend of using Digital Export to expand in foreign markets. In a second step, a literature review about the barriers related to exporting, the usage of E-Commerce and Cross-Border E-Commerce is carried out, with a particular focus on SMEs. After the formulation of the three hypotheses, the empirical analysis has been produced, firstly through a descriptive statistic, and then through a regression model. This is possible thanks to the creation of a database about Digital Export which contains information coming from 109 Italy-based companies operating in the three sectors of made in Italy (Apparel & Fashion, Food & Beverage and Design & Furniture), augmented by other data such as the age and the value of the operating revenues and assets over the last years collected from the platform Orbis. After a brief description of the database and of its important variables, which are mainly binary, the Probit model is run to test the three hypotheses. Regarding the drivers identified, the results show that while the figure of the e-commerce manager is strongly significant for the success of Digital Export, the export manager has a negative effect on firms adopting this strategy. Moreover, the impact of the size of a firm results not relevant in stimulating the implementation of Digital Export, while, instead, the adoption of new technologies positively helps Cross-Border E-Commerce. A discussion of the results supported by existing literature, together with a robustness check and some hints and suggestions for future analysis, conclude the work.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è, in primo luogo, analizzare quali sono i principali ostacoli all'adozione di una strategia di Digital Export (o Cross-Border E-Commerce) da parte di aziende che operano nel mercato del B2C e, in secondo luogo, individuare i drivers che potrebbero permettere di superare tali ostacoli e aumentare l'uso di questo tipo di strategia, con particolare attenzione alle PMI. Questi drivers sono trasformati dunque in tre domande o ipotesi di ricerca e verranno successivamente testati attraverso un'analisi econometrica. Il Digital Export può essere considerato come la combinazione di due elementi, da un lato l'uso di una piattaforma di E-Commerce per vendere prodotti, e l'internazionalizzazione attraverso l'esportazione dall'altro. Dopo aver effettuato una prima spiegazione del significato del termine E-Commerce, un'analisi del suo sviluppo e un esame dei suoi benefici, in particolare quando si integra con i canali commerciali offline, è stato realizzato un collegamento con l'internazionalizzazione, al fine di approfondire la crescente tendenza all'utilizzo del Digital Export per espandersi nei mercati esteri. In una seconda fase, è stata effettuata una rassegna della letteratura sugli ostacoli legati all'esportazione, all'uso dell’E-Commerce e del Cross-Border E-Commerce, con un particolare focus sulle PMI. Dopo la formulazione delle tre ipotesi, è stata eseguita l'analisi empirica, prima attraverso una statistica descrittiva, e poi tramite un modello di regressione. Questo è reso possibile grazie alla creazione di un database sull'esportazione digitale che contiene informazioni provenienti da 109 aziende basate in Italia operanti nei tre settori del made in Italy (Abbigliamento & Moda, Food & Beverage e Design & Furniture), con l’aggiunta di altri dati quali l'età e il valore dei ricavi operativi e degli assets negli ultimi anni, raccolti dalla piattaforma Orbis. Dopo una breve descrizione del database e delle variabili più importanti, le quali sono prevalentemente binarie, le tre ipotesi sono testate attraverso l’uso del modello Probit. Per quanto riguarda i drivers identificati, i risultati mostrano che, mentre la figura dell’e-commerce manager è fortemente significativa per il successo del Digital Export, l’export manager ha invece un effetto negativo sulle aziende che adottano questo tipo di strategia. Inoltre, l'impatto della grandezza di un'impresa non è rilevante nello stimolare l'implementazione del Digital Export, diversamente dall'adozione di nuove tecnologie che impatta positivamente sul Cross-Border E-Commerce. Una discussione sui risultati supportati dalla letteratura esistente, insieme ad un controllo di robustezza e ad alcune indicazioni e suggerimenti per analisi future, concludono il lavoro.
What are the barriers to digital export ? An empirical study on companies based in Italy
LENI, MARGHERITA;KOTEVA, MIHAELA DIMITROVA
2018/2019
Abstract
The purpose of this master thesis is, firstly, to understand which are the main barriers to the adoption of a Digital Export Strategy (or Cross-Border E-Commerce) by B2C companies and, secondly, to identify which drivers could overcome the obstacles and increase the usage of this type of strategy, with a particular focus on SMEs. These drivers are consequently transformed in three research questions or hypotheses and are eventually tested through an econometric analysis. Digital Export is a combination of two elements, usage of an E-Commerce platform to sell products from one side, and internationalization through export from the other one. After having performed an initial explanation of the meaning of the term E-Commerce, an analysis of its development and an examination of its benefits, especially when integrated with offline trade channels, a connection with internationalization is made, in order to deepen the increasing trend of using Digital Export to expand in foreign markets. In a second step, a literature review about the barriers related to exporting, the usage of E-Commerce and Cross-Border E-Commerce is carried out, with a particular focus on SMEs. After the formulation of the three hypotheses, the empirical analysis has been produced, firstly through a descriptive statistic, and then through a regression model. This is possible thanks to the creation of a database about Digital Export which contains information coming from 109 Italy-based companies operating in the three sectors of made in Italy (Apparel & Fashion, Food & Beverage and Design & Furniture), augmented by other data such as the age and the value of the operating revenues and assets over the last years collected from the platform Orbis. After a brief description of the database and of its important variables, which are mainly binary, the Probit model is run to test the three hypotheses. Regarding the drivers identified, the results show that while the figure of the e-commerce manager is strongly significant for the success of Digital Export, the export manager has a negative effect on firms adopting this strategy. Moreover, the impact of the size of a firm results not relevant in stimulating the implementation of Digital Export, while, instead, the adoption of new technologies positively helps Cross-Border E-Commerce. A discussion of the results supported by existing literature, together with a robustness check and some hints and suggestions for future analysis, conclude the work.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/151775