Global population in 2020 is approaching 7.7 billion people and the UN projections show that it is still on the rise and so it is food demand around the World. Among different type of foods, meat consumption is increasing, especially in fast growing economy countries. It is well known that meat-based diets are more water intensive than plant-based ones. The widespread overexploitation of natural resources for meat production imposes to consider planetary boundaries constraints in order to reach environmental sustainability of the food production system. Therefore, meat consumption impacts on natural resources must be assessed in order to quantify the effective water needs for livestock feeding. In this regard, chicken meat production is considerable: according to FAOSTAT 109 million tons of chicken meat and roughly 66.57 billion chickens were produced in 2017 globally. In order to consider poultry impact on water resources it is necessary to define the volume of water required for feed production. Maize and wheat are the most common feed crops for poultry and FAOSTAT most recent data show that maize and wheat production for feeding purposes is respectively 546 million tons and 130 million tons in the world in 2013. In this thesis we analysed at first the natural resources needed to produce feed for poultry at global scale and then we studied alternative diets. For this purpose, different chicken diets were selected in order to estimate their natural resources demand in terms of water and land consumption in each Country of the World. For completeness, soybean was also considered for feeding purposes together with wheat and maize. Results of the global analysis at country scale show that maize based diets must be preferred over the wheat one since they are less water intense solution. Wheat diet, instead, should be preferred only in China and in the southern part of Africa.
Le Nazioni Unite mostrano che la popolazione mondiale è in continuo aumento e già nel 2020 ci si aspetta che supererà i 7.7 miliardi di persone. Di conseguenza, la domanda di cibo nel Mondo aumenterà sempre di più. Tra tutti i cibi, il consumo di carne sta aumentando, soprattutto nei Paesi che presentano un’economia in rapida crescita. E’ rinomato che le diete a base di carne richiedono un maggiore consumo idrico delle diete vegetariane. Lo sfruttamento eccessivo delle risorse naturali per la produzione di carne impone di considerare i limiti dettati dai confini planetari per raggiungere la sostenibilità ambientale del sistema di produzione alimentare. Bisogna stimare, quindi, gli impatti del consumo di carne sulle risorse naturaliin modo da quantificare l’effettiva richiesta idrica per l’alimentazione del bestiame. A tal riguardo, la produzione di pollo nel mondo è notevole: FAOSTAT riporta che 109 milioni di tonnellate di carne di pollo e 66.57 miliardi di polli sono stati prodotti globalmente nel 2017. Per considerare l’impatto del pollame sulle risorse idriche è necessario definire il volume d’acqua richiesto dalla produzione di foraggio. Mais e grano sono le colture più comuni per i mangimi per il pollame. FAOSTAT riporta che la produzione di mais e grano per il foraggio è rispettivamente 546 e 130 milioni di tonnellate nel Mondo nel 2013. Questa tesi analizza prima le risorse naturali necessarie per produrre il mangime per il pollame a scala globale e poi considera diete alternative. A tal riguardo, sono state selezionate diverse diete per pollame in modo da stimare la richiesta di risorse naturali in termini di consumo di acqua e terra in ciascun Paese del Mondo. Per completezza, è stata considerata anche la soia oltre al mais e al grano. I risultati dell’analisi globale alla scala di Paese mostrano che le diete a base di mais sono da preferirsi a quelle a base di grano poiché rappresentano una soluzione meno dispendiosa in termini di consumo idrico. La dieta a base di grano, invece, è conveniente in termini idrici solo in Cina e nella parte meridionale dell’Africa.
Sustainability evaluation of chicken diets based on different feed ingredients
PERPELEK, SIMGE NUR
2018/2019
Abstract
Global population in 2020 is approaching 7.7 billion people and the UN projections show that it is still on the rise and so it is food demand around the World. Among different type of foods, meat consumption is increasing, especially in fast growing economy countries. It is well known that meat-based diets are more water intensive than plant-based ones. The widespread overexploitation of natural resources for meat production imposes to consider planetary boundaries constraints in order to reach environmental sustainability of the food production system. Therefore, meat consumption impacts on natural resources must be assessed in order to quantify the effective water needs for livestock feeding. In this regard, chicken meat production is considerable: according to FAOSTAT 109 million tons of chicken meat and roughly 66.57 billion chickens were produced in 2017 globally. In order to consider poultry impact on water resources it is necessary to define the volume of water required for feed production. Maize and wheat are the most common feed crops for poultry and FAOSTAT most recent data show that maize and wheat production for feeding purposes is respectively 546 million tons and 130 million tons in the world in 2013. In this thesis we analysed at first the natural resources needed to produce feed for poultry at global scale and then we studied alternative diets. For this purpose, different chicken diets were selected in order to estimate their natural resources demand in terms of water and land consumption in each Country of the World. For completeness, soybean was also considered for feeding purposes together with wheat and maize. Results of the global analysis at country scale show that maize based diets must be preferred over the wheat one since they are less water intense solution. Wheat diet, instead, should be preferred only in China and in the southern part of Africa.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/151874