The usage of fossil fuels is rapidly increasing over the years by the automobiles and manufacturing industries, these are one of the major causes for the climate change and global warming. These aspects arise the seeding of new technologies with a sustainable solution like renewable energy storage. After the first commercialization of Lithium-ion (LIBs) batteries by Sony in 1991 for the portable devices like mobiles phones and Walkman’s, it has a great impact on portable devices and the further developments in the rechargeable batteries. The Energy and environmental based issues have become the major concerns of 21st century. From the last 5-years the growth of electric vehicles on the market were increased and thus controlling the CO2 emission. The revolutionary LIBs from portable devices to Electric vehicles has successfully implemented due to its outstanding performance and power capability but high consumption of Lithium with its low abundance in the earth crusts leads to increase the prices in his growing market. Many researchers work on different aspects to find suitable alternative battery technology to solve the sustainable concerns of lithium. One of the most appealing alternatives for lithium is sodium. Due to high abundance of sodium in the earth crust as well as in the ocean and exhibits similar chemical properties to Lithium it will be easing to transfer the technology to NIBs. Sodium-ion batteries may solve the problems related to the cost and safety issues associated with the current energy storage systems also comes with multiple benefits related to less expensive electrode materials and much cheaper electrolyte solution compared to the lithium ion batteries. The main idea of this work is to investigate the anode and cathode materials for the NIBs with focus of synthetic and organic anodes. Furthermore, to use the Electroless Ni-process for metallization of hard carbons to increase the performance and cyclability of the NIBs. The major challenges for the development of NIBs are finding good electrode materials. It is concluded that the cost-effective and safer NIBs will replace the LIBs in some areas but thus required further investigation and development.
L'utilizzo di combustibili fossili, negli ultimi anni, è in rapido aumento nel settore automobilistico e nelle industrie manifatturiere: queste sono infatti le principali cause del cambiamento climatico e del riscaldamento globale. Da cio’ nasce la necessità di sviluppare nuove tecnologie sostenibili come l’accumulo di energia rinnovabile. L’inizio della commercializzazione di batterie agli ioni di litio (LIBs) da parte di Sony nel 1991 per i dispositivi portatili come telefoni cellulari e Walkman, ha generato un grande impatto su dispositivi portatili e sugli ulteriori sviluppi delle batterie ricaricabili. Gli emittenti basati su energia e ambiente sono diventati la principale area di preoccupazione nel 21 ° secolo. Negli ultimi 5 anni si è assistito ad una crescita di veicoli elettrici sul mercato, cercando di limitare le emissioni di CO2. L’uso di LIB nei veicoli elettrici ha avuto un grande successo grazie alle sue eccezionali prestazioni e capacità di alimentazione. Tuttavia l'elevato consumo di litio ha generato un aumento dei prezzi nel suo mercato. Diversi ricercatori stanno lavorando con l’obiettivo di trovare una tecnologia alternativa per contrastare il problema della sostenibilità del litio utilizzato nelle batterie. Una delle più interessanti alternative al litio è il sodio. Infatti, grazie all'elevata abbondanza di sodio nella crosta terrestre e nell'oceano e avendo simili proprietà chimiche al litio, sembra facile trasferire la tecnologia ai NIB. Le batterie agli ioni di sodio possono risolvere i problemi relativi ai costi e ai problemi di sicurezza associati agli attuali sistemi di accumulo di energia. Numerosi sono i vantaggi economici grazie all’uso di materiali per elettrodi meno costosi e soluzione elettrolitica molto più economica rispetto alle batterie agli ioni di litio. L'idea principale di questo lavoro è di studiare l'anodo e i materiali catodici per gli NIB con il focus sugli anodi sintetici e organici. Inoltre, l’utilizzo del processo Ni senza elettrolita per la metallizzazione di carboni duri aumenta le prestazioni e la ciclabilità dei NIB. La principale sfida per lo sviluppo di NIB è la ricerca di materiali per elettrodi. Si è concluso che i piu’ economici e affidabili NIB sostituiranno gli LIB in alcune aree, ma cio’ richiede ulteriori ricerca e sviluppo.
Electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries
SATYAVARAPU, DINESH KUMAR
2018/2019
Abstract
The usage of fossil fuels is rapidly increasing over the years by the automobiles and manufacturing industries, these are one of the major causes for the climate change and global warming. These aspects arise the seeding of new technologies with a sustainable solution like renewable energy storage. After the first commercialization of Lithium-ion (LIBs) batteries by Sony in 1991 for the portable devices like mobiles phones and Walkman’s, it has a great impact on portable devices and the further developments in the rechargeable batteries. The Energy and environmental based issues have become the major concerns of 21st century. From the last 5-years the growth of electric vehicles on the market were increased and thus controlling the CO2 emission. The revolutionary LIBs from portable devices to Electric vehicles has successfully implemented due to its outstanding performance and power capability but high consumption of Lithium with its low abundance in the earth crusts leads to increase the prices in his growing market. Many researchers work on different aspects to find suitable alternative battery technology to solve the sustainable concerns of lithium. One of the most appealing alternatives for lithium is sodium. Due to high abundance of sodium in the earth crust as well as in the ocean and exhibits similar chemical properties to Lithium it will be easing to transfer the technology to NIBs. Sodium-ion batteries may solve the problems related to the cost and safety issues associated with the current energy storage systems also comes with multiple benefits related to less expensive electrode materials and much cheaper electrolyte solution compared to the lithium ion batteries. The main idea of this work is to investigate the anode and cathode materials for the NIBs with focus of synthetic and organic anodes. Furthermore, to use the Electroless Ni-process for metallization of hard carbons to increase the performance and cyclability of the NIBs. The major challenges for the development of NIBs are finding good electrode materials. It is concluded that the cost-effective and safer NIBs will replace the LIBs in some areas but thus required further investigation and development.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/152037