The tourism industry is a fast-evolving industry, at this time, many places around the world are still in the process of being developed as tourism destinations. Present research analyses the constant and rapid increase of tourists around the world, it focuses on the over-visited places and aims to understand the reasons why the phenomena of overtourism starts, and how to avoid the consequent negative change it has on the location’s characteristics. Moving from previous research and publication on the topic, I will, first of all, make a comparison between tourism and overtourism. Understand the base and the concept behind tourism if fundamental to interpret what is happening today. We’ll start with the his- tory of tourism and why people love to travel, what are tourism benefits for travelers and locals. Finally, we’ll explore the reason why tourism develops into overtourism and how it usually happens. I will identify and propose techniques and methods to monitor the places’ daily density of tourists, and how to analyse the data to understand if it is over visited. Countries, areas, cities or spots, we’ll investigate the destinations where the phenomena occur and their characteristics through the “daily density of tourists” factor. We’ll investigate the different type of tourism attributes and some examples of their aspects in different locations, such as: The Louvre Museum, The Brooklyn Bridge, Venice, Lisbon, Barcelona, and Thailand. Movements and demonstrations against tourism are increasing around the globe, and this essay takes into consideration some of them as cases study, analysing which problems overtourism is causing for the local communities, for the environment. Lisbon, Venice, Barcelona are the three cities I want to focus on. Some possible factors that are contributing to the increase of the tourism industry: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), social networks, the growth of low-cost flying companies, an increase in the middle class. How each of these elements contributed to the increase of tourists? Will tourist numbers grow? What are the expectations for the future? I will sum up the analysis and expectations of professors and experts, I will propose report numbers and trends of WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council), UNWTO (World Tour- ism Organization), and WDI (World Development Indicators). - How is technology influencing this process? How have smartphones influenced the entire travel journey? Is it easier nowadays to travel thanks to digital services and smartphones? How are the new digital services such as Airbnb and Uber causing changes in these cities’ characteristics? Could the future be a co-travel experience driven by virtual reality? How will the whole travel experience change in the future? - How do we tackle the problem? After a general overview of the phenomena, I will be focusing on possible solutions co-designed with experts on the topic, private companies working in the tourism market, but also using best cases, which propose some solutions already implemented. I will provide other examples of already existing services that might be adapted (for example Google Maps for traffic congestion) and used for overtourism mitigation. How to modify, redesign, or implement new services for urban planning, with a resilient approach for over tourism?
L’industria del turismo è in continua evoluzione e ancora oggi ci sono Paesi nel mondo che si stanno sviluppando per diventare mete turistiche. Questa ricerca analizza la costante e rapida crescita di turisti a livello mondiale, focalizzandosi su quei luoghi che sono attualmente troppo frequentati dai turisti (overtourism), cercando di coglierne le motivazioni e le conseguenze che ne derivano. Partendo da ricerche e pubblicazioni che analizzano la problematica, ho iniziato la ricerca paragonando il turismo con l’overtourism; capire le basi che riguardano la nascita del turismo è fondamentale per arrivare a interpretare la situazione odierna. Questa tesi inizia perciò illustrando la storia del turismo e perché l’uomo ha la necessità di viaggiare, quali sono i benefici per i turisti e i locali. Concludo esplorando le ragioni per cui il turismo si trasforma in overtourism e come avviene il cambiamento. In questa analisi si identificano e propongono tecniche e metodi per monitorare la densità di turisti giornaliera di una destinazione e si esaminano i dati per capire se è una destinazione over-visitata. Nazioni, aree, città o luoghi: il fenomeno dell’overtourism si può manifestare nel macro (una nazione) come nel micro (ad esempio un monumento), e in questa tesi indaghiamo le destinazioni dove si manifesta il fenomeno e le caratteristiche connesse attraverso “il fattore della densità giornaliera di turisti”: consideriamo diversi tipi di turismo, con le loro peculiarità, in diversi località, come il museo del Louvre, il ponte di Brooklyn, Venezia, Lisbona, Barcellona e la Thailandia. Un altro aspetto è che nel mondo sta crescendo il numero di manifestazioni e dimostrazioni contro il turismo, questo documento prende in considerazione alcuni esempi come casi studio, analizzando quali problemi l’overtourism causa alle comunità locali e all’ambiente. Lisbona, Venezia e Barcellona sono tre città su cui ho focalizzato la ricerca per l’alto numero di proteste di questo genere. Ma quali sono i fattori che stanno contribuendo alla crescita del settore turistico? È un altro argomento fondamentale, in sintesi: le tecnologie di informazione e comunicazione (ICT), i social network, la crescita delle compagnie di voli low-cost, la crescita della classe media. Da qui scaturiscono altre domande: come questi elementi contribuiscono alla crescita del turismo? Crescerà ancora il numero dei turisti? Quali sono le previsioni? Vengono riassunte le analisi e aspettative di professori ed esperti e propongo dei report e trend di WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council), UNWTO (World Tourism Organization), e WDI (World Development Indicators). La tecnologia sta influenzando il processo di crescita? In che modo? È più facile viaggiare oggigiorno grazie a servizi digitali e smartphone? Come i nuovi servizi digitali, come Airbnb e Uber, stanno cambiando le caratteristiche delle nostre città? Come sarà l’esperienza di viaggio nel suo insieme in futuro? E ancora: come stiamo affrontando il problema? Dopo un’analisi generale, mi sono concentrato su delle possibili soluzioni, condivise da esperti del settore e compagnie che lavorano nel turismo, ho presentato dei casi in cui vengono proposte soluzioni già implementate. Indico alcuni esempi di servizi che potrebbero essere adottati (per esempio Google Maps per il traffico) ed usati per ridurre l’effetto negativo dell’overtourism. Come modificare, riprogettare o implementare nuovi servizi per la progettazione urbana con un approccio resiliente sull’overtourism?
Overtourism, and the resilient approach to counter it
ORLANDO, NICOLO'
2018/2019
Abstract
The tourism industry is a fast-evolving industry, at this time, many places around the world are still in the process of being developed as tourism destinations. Present research analyses the constant and rapid increase of tourists around the world, it focuses on the over-visited places and aims to understand the reasons why the phenomena of overtourism starts, and how to avoid the consequent negative change it has on the location’s characteristics. Moving from previous research and publication on the topic, I will, first of all, make a comparison between tourism and overtourism. Understand the base and the concept behind tourism if fundamental to interpret what is happening today. We’ll start with the his- tory of tourism and why people love to travel, what are tourism benefits for travelers and locals. Finally, we’ll explore the reason why tourism develops into overtourism and how it usually happens. I will identify and propose techniques and methods to monitor the places’ daily density of tourists, and how to analyse the data to understand if it is over visited. Countries, areas, cities or spots, we’ll investigate the destinations where the phenomena occur and their characteristics through the “daily density of tourists” factor. We’ll investigate the different type of tourism attributes and some examples of their aspects in different locations, such as: The Louvre Museum, The Brooklyn Bridge, Venice, Lisbon, Barcelona, and Thailand. Movements and demonstrations against tourism are increasing around the globe, and this essay takes into consideration some of them as cases study, analysing which problems overtourism is causing for the local communities, for the environment. Lisbon, Venice, Barcelona are the three cities I want to focus on. Some possible factors that are contributing to the increase of the tourism industry: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), social networks, the growth of low-cost flying companies, an increase in the middle class. How each of these elements contributed to the increase of tourists? Will tourist numbers grow? What are the expectations for the future? I will sum up the analysis and expectations of professors and experts, I will propose report numbers and trends of WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council), UNWTO (World Tour- ism Organization), and WDI (World Development Indicators). - How is technology influencing this process? How have smartphones influenced the entire travel journey? Is it easier nowadays to travel thanks to digital services and smartphones? How are the new digital services such as Airbnb and Uber causing changes in these cities’ characteristics? Could the future be a co-travel experience driven by virtual reality? How will the whole travel experience change in the future? - How do we tackle the problem? After a general overview of the phenomena, I will be focusing on possible solutions co-designed with experts on the topic, private companies working in the tourism market, but also using best cases, which propose some solutions already implemented. I will provide other examples of already existing services that might be adapted (for example Google Maps for traffic congestion) and used for overtourism mitigation. How to modify, redesign, or implement new services for urban planning, with a resilient approach for over tourism?| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Nicolò_Orlando.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/152082