The aim of this thesis work is to study the use of Molten Carbon Fuel Cells (MCFCs) as a post-combustion CO2 capture system in an integrated steel mill. This technique has already been explored in previous studies, but has only been used through a retrofit approach. In these plant solutions the cell anode was fed with natural gas, while the flue gases to be purified were sent to the cathode before being emitted into the atmosphere. Since there are several process gases (COG, BOFG and BFG) within the steel mill that can replace natural gas for the anodic supply of the cell, this work aims to explore a greater level of integration between MCFCs and the steel production plant in order to exploit these gases and thus limit the demand for natural gas. Downstream of the fuel cells, for the separation of the CO2 stream to be sent to storage, a gas processing unit has been used; it has also the task to separate the share of unreacted hydrogen present in the anode exhausts. This hydrogen will then be sold. All the simulations were carried out using the Aspen Plus software. Since in the reference steel mill, without CO2 capture systems, the process gases are already used for various internal purposes, the plant has been reorganised in order to make these gases available for anode supply. Subsequently, various plant configurations were studied to evaluate the behaviour of both the MCFC taken individually and the overall plant consisting of the steel mill combined with the MCFCs. Finally, after evaluating the results from the point of view of emissions and general performance, an economic analysis was carried out to account for the change in the cost of steel after the installation of the capture system. The various configurations proposed were thus compared with the original plant in a scenario in which the presence of a carbon tax was supposed.
Lo scopo del presente lavoro di tesi è quello di studiare l’utilizzo di Celle a Combustibile a Carbonati Fusi (MCFC) come strumento di cattura della CO2 post-combustione in un’acciaieria a ciclo integrale. Questa tecnica è già stata approfondita in precedenti studi che la hanno vista però utilizzata solamente tramite un approccio di tipo retrofit. In tali soluzioni impiantistiche l’anodo della cella è stato alimentato con gas naturale, mentre al catodo sono stati inviati i gas combusti da purificare prima di essere inviati in atmosfera. Essendo presenti all’interno dell’acciaieria diversi gas di processo (COG, BOFG e BFG) che possono sostituirsi al gas naturale per l’alimentazione anodica della cella, il presente lavoro vuole esplorare un maggiore livello di integrazione tra le MCFC e l’impianto di produzione dell’acciaio al fine di sfruttare questi gas e limitare così la richiesta di gas naturale. A valle delle celle a combustibile, per la separazione della corrente di CO2 da inviare allo stoccaggio, è stata utilizzata un’unità di trattamento dei gas che riesce anche a separare la quota parte di idrogeno non reagito presente negli esausti anodici. Tale idrogeno sarà poi destinato alla vendita. Tutte le simulazioni sono state effettuate grazie all’utilizzo del software Aspen Plus. Siccome nell’acciaieria di riferimento senza sistemi di cattura della CO2 i gas di processo sono già utilizzati per vari scopi interni, l’impianto è stato riorganizzato al fine di poter rendere tali gas disponibili per l’alimentazione all’anodo. Successivamente varie configurazioni di impianto sono state studiate per valutare il comportamento sia della MCFC presa singolarmente che dell’impianto complessivo costituito dall’acciaieria unita alle MCFC. Valutati infine i risultati dal punto di vista delle emissioni e delle prestazioni generali si è proceduto ad un’analisi economica che rendesse ragione della variazione del costo dell’acciaio in seguito all’installazione del sistema di cattura. Le varie configurazioni proposte sono state confrontate così con l’impianto originale in uno scenario in cui si è immaginata la presenza di una carbon tax.
Steel mill integrated with molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) for low CO2 emissions
BORGHI, ANDREA
2018/2019
Abstract
The aim of this thesis work is to study the use of Molten Carbon Fuel Cells (MCFCs) as a post-combustion CO2 capture system in an integrated steel mill. This technique has already been explored in previous studies, but has only been used through a retrofit approach. In these plant solutions the cell anode was fed with natural gas, while the flue gases to be purified were sent to the cathode before being emitted into the atmosphere. Since there are several process gases (COG, BOFG and BFG) within the steel mill that can replace natural gas for the anodic supply of the cell, this work aims to explore a greater level of integration between MCFCs and the steel production plant in order to exploit these gases and thus limit the demand for natural gas. Downstream of the fuel cells, for the separation of the CO2 stream to be sent to storage, a gas processing unit has been used; it has also the task to separate the share of unreacted hydrogen present in the anode exhausts. This hydrogen will then be sold. All the simulations were carried out using the Aspen Plus software. Since in the reference steel mill, without CO2 capture systems, the process gases are already used for various internal purposes, the plant has been reorganised in order to make these gases available for anode supply. Subsequently, various plant configurations were studied to evaluate the behaviour of both the MCFC taken individually and the overall plant consisting of the steel mill combined with the MCFCs. Finally, after evaluating the results from the point of view of emissions and general performance, an economic analysis was carried out to account for the change in the cost of steel after the installation of the capture system. The various configurations proposed were thus compared with the original plant in a scenario in which the presence of a carbon tax was supposed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2019_12_Borghi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/152205