The thesis project is focused on the study and analysis of the implementation of a particular fast charging infrastructure for Battery electric buses, called Pantograph charger since differently from traditional plug-in chargers it connects to the vehicle through a mechanic pantograph, with the aim of developing Matlab based algorithms which make charger and vehicle interact in the best way from the point of view of service optimization. The project has been brought in collaboration with ATM company, the service operator of urban mobility in Milan, which permitted to obtain every possible data in order to obtain a satisfactory result. The first part of the project has been characterised by a study of fast charging infrastructure specifications and characteristics, both from electrical and IT connections point of view, in order to define clearly the way the system is managed and what type of data are exchanged. After that the focus has been shifted to the vehicle, the battery powered electric bus, with a precise study of its consumption over different scenarios and situations made possible thanks to the usage of a software of property of the company. The second part of the project has been focused on the creation of two Matlab based algorithms capable of simulating a real line working cycle of vehicle and charging infrastructure, placed at terminus, with different scenarios selectable by the user. Foe each script an Excel file representing input data in a clear way has been created, permitting the service operator to insert practically every possible variable which regard both the specifications of the system and the operational variables of the service. Then, the two algorithms perform real service predictions based on two different logics. Finally, a third simplified algorithm has been created with the aim of offering an easier function which could be ran by the driver on board while performing the service, giving immediate and clear outputs and working with Excel only, based on the same logic of a script developed previously in Matlab.
Questo progetto di tesi è focalizzato sull’analisi del funzionamento di un particolare tipo di infrastruttura di ricarica veloce per autobus elettrici, chiamata “a pantografo” dato che a differenza delle tradizionali plug-in è caratterizzata da un pantografo che connette il charger al veicolo, con il fine di sviluppare algoritmi per far interagire l’autobus e l’infrastruttura stessa in maniera tale da poter ottenere come obbiettivo finale l’ottimo di servizio. Il progetto è stato svolto in collaborazione con l’azienda ATM, tramite cui è stato possibile ricavare tutte le informazioni al fine di conoscere ogni aspetto del sistema in maniera adeguata. La prima parte della tesi è stata caratterizzata da uno studio approfondito riguardante sia l’infrastruttura di ricarica dal punto di vista elettrico e di connessione alla rete, sia il sistema IT che la governa. In secondo luogo è stato eseguito uno studio sul veicolo, autobus elettrico alimentato completamente a batterie, utilizzando un software aziendale tramite il quale, analizzando vari scenari e situazioni climatiche, è stato possibile definire in maniera piuttosto attendibile il consumo del veicolo a seconda della situazione di impiego. La seconda parte del progetto è incentrata sulla creazione di due algoritmi in Matlab con il fine di simulare l’andamento in linea del veicolo e conseguentemente il tipo di impiego dei fast charger, posizionati ai capolinea. Per entrambi gli script è stato creato un Excel con lo scopo di rappresentare tutti i dati in input per l’algoritmo in maniera più chiara e efficacie, considerando praticamente qualunque dato sia riguardante le specifiche di tutte le parti del sistema sia riguardante il servizio in termini di dati utili a simulare uno scenario reale. Entrambi gli script permettono di ottenere previsioni relative a tempi e potenze di ricarica e al comportamento dell’autobus, ma con filosofie applicative differenti. Infine, un terzo programma semplificato ma basato sulla logica dei precedenti è stato creato al fine di un possibile utilizzo in linea immediato da parte del conducente, senza passare per il software computazionale Matlab ma utilizzando solamente Excel in maniera più rapida.
Service modeling and optimization of a full-electric urban bus line equipped with fast charging
CECCON, STEFANO
2019/2020
Abstract
The thesis project is focused on the study and analysis of the implementation of a particular fast charging infrastructure for Battery electric buses, called Pantograph charger since differently from traditional plug-in chargers it connects to the vehicle through a mechanic pantograph, with the aim of developing Matlab based algorithms which make charger and vehicle interact in the best way from the point of view of service optimization. The project has been brought in collaboration with ATM company, the service operator of urban mobility in Milan, which permitted to obtain every possible data in order to obtain a satisfactory result. The first part of the project has been characterised by a study of fast charging infrastructure specifications and characteristics, both from electrical and IT connections point of view, in order to define clearly the way the system is managed and what type of data are exchanged. After that the focus has been shifted to the vehicle, the battery powered electric bus, with a precise study of its consumption over different scenarios and situations made possible thanks to the usage of a software of property of the company. The second part of the project has been focused on the creation of two Matlab based algorithms capable of simulating a real line working cycle of vehicle and charging infrastructure, placed at terminus, with different scenarios selectable by the user. Foe each script an Excel file representing input data in a clear way has been created, permitting the service operator to insert practically every possible variable which regard both the specifications of the system and the operational variables of the service. Then, the two algorithms perform real service predictions based on two different logics. Finally, a third simplified algorithm has been created with the aim of offering an easier function which could be ran by the driver on board while performing the service, giving immediate and clear outputs and working with Excel only, based on the same logic of a script developed previously in Matlab.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/152863