A detailed national mental healthcare policy was developed in 2006 that wants to establish a new network of community-based service and improving the quality of mental health services overall. Turkey stated in the policy that by enabling users and also their families to benefit from a supported human-centered recovery service will accomplish to overcome the difficulties of mental disorder. “To involve families, relevant social and community based interest groups to assume a major role in achieving a desired and satisfactory level of mental health services mentioned, including programs to raise awareness in a broad sense; to enable the necessary coordination to facilitate the activities and role of volunteer mental health services and the work of national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the community.”(National Health Policy, 2006, p.14). As a new approach to mental healthcare service rather than just providing clinical recovery a new shift has been happening towards to the “personal recovery” practices. Repper and Perkins say "Recovery is not about “getting rid” of problems. It is about seeing people beyond their problems - their abilities, possibilities, interests and dreams - and recovering the social roles and relationships that give life value and meaning.”(Slade, 2009 p.38) It can be understood how this individual approach is beneficial for both the patients and the community that surrounds them. Turkey has not been able to reach the promised MH system yet. There are already 149 community-based mental health outpatient facilities functioning in Turkey and according to WHO Mental Health Atlas (2011); a total of 91 NGOs including users, family and other volunteer associations exists. Unfortunately these facilities are not offering valuable recovery services that aim to help patients regain their lives and reach their goals, but acting more as a daily care units to follow medication. On the other hand NGOs are mostly personal initiatives which are working either to provide a range of services for recovery phase or monitoring the Turkey's current situation. They have a potential to achieve more if they recieve support or establish a dialogue with other organisations and government. Around the world patients that are recovering from a mental illness are facing difficulties obtaining a job due to many factors including social stigma or the lack of professional /personal development. Sheltered workshops can be described as one of the methods that are developed to help patients have an opportunity for an employment after treatment. For a patient to begin working in a facility with supported employment, a prevocational training has to be given for a period of time beforehand for developing the required skills and preparing the patient to work settings. With sheltered workshops due to having coaches or specialists that are present at the workplace the patients do not require a very long training, as a matter of fact one of the aims for the sheltered workshops is that a patient can obtain a job right away and not lose excessive amounts of time. In Turkey sheltered workshops seen as an obligation for companies and mentally disabled individuals often benefit from it cause of formality. The real aim of supported employment is completely lost in the system and individuals that can highly exploit from it are disregarded without even having an opportunity. A recovery service where patients regain skills and enhance their sense of empowerment through volunteering has been functioning well for years around the world. This international model is called Clubhouse and described as; “..a powerful demonstration of the fact that people with mental illness can and do lead normal, productive lives. Clubhouses are local community centers that provide members with opportunities to build long-term relationships that, in turn, support them in obtaining employment, education and housing” (Clubhouse International, 2020).There are many examples around the world with successful implementations of this clubhouse model. In Turkey there is no clubhouse yet and it will be a good idea to implement this service based on the conditions of the country not also to provide work opportunities or skill gaining but also to favour more social inclusion and raise awareness in the society. The aim of this thesis is to implement the club house model in Turkey and to create a sustainable service by also creating a communication amongst governmental facilities to ensure social inclusion, social awareness and more job opportunities for individuals with mental illnesses.
Nel 2006 fu sviluppata una dettagliata politica nazionale di assistenza sanitaria volta a costruire una rete di servizi su base comunitaria e migliorare la qualità generale dei servizi di salute mentale. La Turchia dichiarò nella sua politica che abilitando gli utenti e anche le loro famiglie a beneficiare di un servizio di recupero centrato sulla persona, avrebbe aiutato a superare le difficoltà del disordine mentale. “Per invogliare famiglie, rilevanti gruppi sociali e comunitari, includendo programmi per aumentare la consapevolezza in un senso piu ampio; per abilitare la necessaria coordinazione per facilitare le attività e il ruolo dei servizi dei volontari e il lavoro delle organizzazioni non governative (NGOs) nella comunità..” (National Health Policy, 2006, p.14). Come nuovo approccio al servizio di assistenza mentale, anziché limitarsi a fornire un recupero clinico, si è verificato un nuovo spostamento verso le pratiche di "recupero personale". Repper e Perkins affermano che "Il recupero non riguarda il" liberarsi "dei problemi. Si tratta di vedere le persone al di là dei loro problemi - capacità, possibilità, interessi e sogni - e di recuperare i ruoli e le relazioni sociali che danno valore e significato alla vita." ( Slade, 2009 p.38) Si può capire come questo approccio individuale sia vantaggioso sia per i pazienti che per la comunità che li circonda. La Turchia non è stata ancora in grado di raggiungere il sistema MH promesso. Esistono già 149 strutture ambulatoriali per la salute mentale basate sulla comunità che funzionano in Turchia e secondo l'OMS sulla salute mentale dell'OMS (2011); esiste un totale di 91 ONG tra cui utenti, famiglie e altre associazioni di volontari. Sfortunatamente queste strutture non offrono preziosi servizi di recupero che mirano ad aiutare i pazienti a riguadagnare la vita e a raggiungere i loro obiettivi, ma agiscono più come unità di assistenza quotidiana per seguire i farmaci. D'altro canto, le ONG sono per lo più iniziative personali che stanno lavorando per fornire una serie di servizi per la fase di recupero o per monitorare la situazione attuale della Turchia. Hanno il potenziale per ottenere di più se ricevono sostegno o stabiliscono un dialogo con altre organizzazioni e governo. Nel mondo i pazienti che stanno recuperando da malattie mentali si trovano in difficoltà nell’ottenere un lavoro a causa dei tanti fattori, inclusi stigma sociali o mancanza di sviluppo professionale/personale. Sheltered workshops (lavoro protetto) può essere descritto come uno dei metodi sviluppati per aiutare i pazienti ad avere un’opportunità di lavoro dopo i trattamenti.Per far iniziare un paziente a lavorare in un ambiente con impiego assistito, è necessario un programma pre-professionale per fargli sviluppare il livello di abilità e preparazione necessario e preparare il paziente all’ambiente lavorativo.Avendo allenatori e specialisti presenti sul posto di lavoro grazie al “lavoro protetto” i pazienti non necessitano di un lungo periodo di apprendistato, infatti uno degli obiettivi del lavoro protetto è appunto che il paziente riesca a trovare lavoro il più presto possibile. In Turchia, le officine protette considerate un obbligo per le aziende e le persone con disabilità mentali spesso ne beneficiano a causa della formalità. Il vero obiettivo dell'occupazione sostenuta è completamente perso nel sistema e gli individui che possono sfruttarlo a fondo vengono ignorati senza nemmeno avere l'opportunità. I “Club House” sono un grande modello in questo senso per i pazienti che fanno volontariato di acquisire un livello di abilità e autonomia maggiore. Sono descritte come: “le Clubhouse sono una forte dimostrazione del fatto che le persone con problemi di salute mentale possono condurre vite normali e produttive. Le Clubhouse sono centri comunitari locali che permettono ai membri di costruire relazioni a lungo termine che, a turno, li aiutano ad ottenere lavori, educazione e alloggio" (Clubhouse International, 2020). Ci sono molti esempi nel mondo di una corretta implementazione del modello club house. In Turchia non ci sono ancora club house e sarebbe una buona idea implementare questo servizio non solo per creare opportunità di lavoro o di migliorare le abilità dei pazienti ma anche con l'obiettivo di integrazione sociale ed aumentare la sensibilizzazione di questi problemi nella società. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è di implementare il modello delle club house in Turchia e creare un servizio sostenibile attraverso la creazione di un canale comunicativo con le strutture governative per garantire inclusione sociale, sensibilizzazione e più opportunità lavorative per gli individui con malattie mentali.
Marti clubhouse. Implementing the clubhouse model in Turkey : a recovery oriented service for mental healthcare
BATUR, ECE
2018/2019
Abstract
A detailed national mental healthcare policy was developed in 2006 that wants to establish a new network of community-based service and improving the quality of mental health services overall. Turkey stated in the policy that by enabling users and also their families to benefit from a supported human-centered recovery service will accomplish to overcome the difficulties of mental disorder. “To involve families, relevant social and community based interest groups to assume a major role in achieving a desired and satisfactory level of mental health services mentioned, including programs to raise awareness in a broad sense; to enable the necessary coordination to facilitate the activities and role of volunteer mental health services and the work of national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the community.”(National Health Policy, 2006, p.14). As a new approach to mental healthcare service rather than just providing clinical recovery a new shift has been happening towards to the “personal recovery” practices. Repper and Perkins say "Recovery is not about “getting rid” of problems. It is about seeing people beyond their problems - their abilities, possibilities, interests and dreams - and recovering the social roles and relationships that give life value and meaning.”(Slade, 2009 p.38) It can be understood how this individual approach is beneficial for both the patients and the community that surrounds them. Turkey has not been able to reach the promised MH system yet. There are already 149 community-based mental health outpatient facilities functioning in Turkey and according to WHO Mental Health Atlas (2011); a total of 91 NGOs including users, family and other volunteer associations exists. Unfortunately these facilities are not offering valuable recovery services that aim to help patients regain their lives and reach their goals, but acting more as a daily care units to follow medication. On the other hand NGOs are mostly personal initiatives which are working either to provide a range of services for recovery phase or monitoring the Turkey's current situation. They have a potential to achieve more if they recieve support or establish a dialogue with other organisations and government. Around the world patients that are recovering from a mental illness are facing difficulties obtaining a job due to many factors including social stigma or the lack of professional /personal development. Sheltered workshops can be described as one of the methods that are developed to help patients have an opportunity for an employment after treatment. For a patient to begin working in a facility with supported employment, a prevocational training has to be given for a period of time beforehand for developing the required skills and preparing the patient to work settings. With sheltered workshops due to having coaches or specialists that are present at the workplace the patients do not require a very long training, as a matter of fact one of the aims for the sheltered workshops is that a patient can obtain a job right away and not lose excessive amounts of time. In Turkey sheltered workshops seen as an obligation for companies and mentally disabled individuals often benefit from it cause of formality. The real aim of supported employment is completely lost in the system and individuals that can highly exploit from it are disregarded without even having an opportunity. A recovery service where patients regain skills and enhance their sense of empowerment through volunteering has been functioning well for years around the world. This international model is called Clubhouse and described as; “..a powerful demonstration of the fact that people with mental illness can and do lead normal, productive lives. Clubhouses are local community centers that provide members with opportunities to build long-term relationships that, in turn, support them in obtaining employment, education and housing” (Clubhouse International, 2020).There are many examples around the world with successful implementations of this clubhouse model. In Turkey there is no clubhouse yet and it will be a good idea to implement this service based on the conditions of the country not also to provide work opportunities or skill gaining but also to favour more social inclusion and raise awareness in the society. The aim of this thesis is to implement the club house model in Turkey and to create a sustainable service by also creating a communication amongst governmental facilities to ensure social inclusion, social awareness and more job opportunities for individuals with mental illnesses.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Implementing the Cubhouse Model in Turkey- a Recovery Oriented Service for Mental Healthcare.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/153053