The electrification process in the transport sector has finally reached aviation: R&D investments are continuously increasing to find a viable way to introduce the electric aircraft in our skies. In the last years, there were many examples of experimental aircraft that exploited an electric propulsion, and now technology is ready to offer them as an alternative to conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) aircraft. An example is offered by the MAHEPA project (Modular Approach to Hybrid Electric Propulsion Architecture) that is studying two hybrid-electric aircraft to be employed as micro-feeder to connect local airports to big international hubs in a faster and more efficient way compared to land transportation. The contribution of this thesis to the project is the planning of the routes that would make the service accessible by the maximum amount of people. This is a typical operation research study known as Aircraft Routing Problem. Given the novelty of the subject, literature still lacks in publications for hybrid aircraft routing problems. A model to solve to optimality the micro-feeder problem has already been studied in past theses, but it has some significant drawbacks such as the request of high computational resources to compute the solution. This disadvantage is overcome by the string-based model presented in this work; for the application of interest, it is able to obtain optimal results with a fraction of the resources required by the other model. An efficient matheuristic based on the string-model is also defined. It allows to push further forward the size of the instances that can be solved, opening the context of application of the model to new technological configurations (e.g. a more efficient battery that allows more than one flight with a single recharge). To assess the quality of the results of the matheuristic, three bounding procedures are defined, thus offering a complete set of tools to carry out an exhaustive analysis on the subject. Finally, these techniques are applied to realistic scenarios, evaluating and discussing the goals achieved.
Il processo di elettrificazione nel settore dei trasporti ha raggiunto anche l’aviazione: investimenti sulla ricerca e sviluppo stanno continuamente crescendo per trovare un modo fattibile di introdurre l’aeroplano elettrico nei nostri cieli. Negli ultimi anni ci sono stati molti esempi di aerei sperimentali che hanno sfruttato la propulsione elettrica, e ora la tecnologia è pronta per proporli come alternativa agli aerei con il convenzionale motore a combustione. Un esempio è offerto dal progetto MAHEPA (Modular Approach to Hybrid Electric Propulsion Architecture) che sta studiando due aerei ibridi-elettrici da usare come micro-feeder per collegare aeroporti minori a grandi hub internazionali in un modo più rapido ed efficiente rispetto ai trasporti terrestri. Il contributo di questa tesi al progetto è la pianificazione delle rotte che renderebbero il servizio accessibile alla maggior quantità possibile di persone. Si tratta di un tipico problema di gestione operativa noto come Aircraft Routing Problem. Data l’innovazione della materia, in letteratura mancano ancora pubblicazioni sul routing problem per aerei ibridi. Un modello per ottenere la soluzione ottima del problema del micro-feeder è già stato studiato in tesi precedenti, ma aveva dei significativi svantaggi come l’alta richiesta di risorse computazionali per trovare la soluzione. Questo svantaggio viene superato dal modello a stringhe presentato in questa tesi; per l’applicazione di interesse, è in grado di trovare risultati ottimi con una frazione delle risorse richieste dall’altro modello. In questa tesi è presentata anche una efficiente mateuristica basata sul modello a stringhe che permette di aumentare il limite delle istanze che si possono risolvere, aprendo il contesto di applicazione a nuove configurazioni tecnologiche (es. una batteria più efficiente che permetta di fare più di un volo con una singola ricarica). Per valutare la qualità dei risultati della mateuristica, tre procedure di bounding sono mostrate, offrendo così un insieme di strumenti per condurre analisi esaustive sulla materia. Alla fine della tesi queste tecniche sono applicate a uno scenario reale, valutando e discutendo gli obiettivi raggiunti.
Matheuristic and bounding procedures to solve the micro-feeder hybrid electric air transport problem
MAGNI, GIANLUCA
2018/2019
Abstract
The electrification process in the transport sector has finally reached aviation: R&D investments are continuously increasing to find a viable way to introduce the electric aircraft in our skies. In the last years, there were many examples of experimental aircraft that exploited an electric propulsion, and now technology is ready to offer them as an alternative to conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) aircraft. An example is offered by the MAHEPA project (Modular Approach to Hybrid Electric Propulsion Architecture) that is studying two hybrid-electric aircraft to be employed as micro-feeder to connect local airports to big international hubs in a faster and more efficient way compared to land transportation. The contribution of this thesis to the project is the planning of the routes that would make the service accessible by the maximum amount of people. This is a typical operation research study known as Aircraft Routing Problem. Given the novelty of the subject, literature still lacks in publications for hybrid aircraft routing problems. A model to solve to optimality the micro-feeder problem has already been studied in past theses, but it has some significant drawbacks such as the request of high computational resources to compute the solution. This disadvantage is overcome by the string-based model presented in this work; for the application of interest, it is able to obtain optimal results with a fraction of the resources required by the other model. An efficient matheuristic based on the string-model is also defined. It allows to push further forward the size of the instances that can be solved, opening the context of application of the model to new technological configurations (e.g. a more efficient battery that allows more than one flight with a single recharge). To assess the quality of the results of the matheuristic, three bounding procedures are defined, thus offering a complete set of tools to carry out an exhaustive analysis on the subject. Finally, these techniques are applied to realistic scenarios, evaluating and discussing the goals achieved.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/153125