In recent years, terrorist attacks have become more and more sophisticated and coordinated, with the potential of causing a dramatic increase in the total number of people affected, especially if the response time of police officers and law enforcement agencies is not small enough for preventing major losses and injuries to the people involved. To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the public safety officers in coping with such an emergency scenario, the NATO project, in the context of which this work was carried on, envision the fast deployment of Unmmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the attacked area to restore the connectivity to the network, that may be unavailable or damaged by the attackers, for the rescuers and the affected civilians, and to exploit the capabilities provided by this "ad-hoc" network for saving as many lives as possible. In fact, leveraging on the D2D communication technology, the devices in the attacked premises can exploit the UAV as an Aerial Base Station, able also to relay their information to an External Command Center (ECC) in charge of managing the situation. In this thesis, the synchronization process in D2D communication is analyzed, since before actually being able to communicate between themselves, the devices need to find one another; therefore, it is a fundamental step which however requires a relevant number of operations that consume the device energy, a precious resource in emergency situation. To mitigate the energy consumption, a novel approach for the detection of synchronization signals is proposed and its performance is presented. In the second part of the thesis, the ns-3 network simulator and its libraries related to the D2D communication in LTE and Public Safety Networks are exploited in order to evaluate other aspects of the synchronization process. The interaction between MATLAB and ns-3 throughout all the thesis represents another original contribution: in fact, the performance curves for the proposed method obtained in MATLAB are then implemented in the ns-3 as new classes, while the data extracted from ns-3 simulations are processed in MATLAB in order to analyze the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) distribution in the D2D communication context. By means of these tools, we analyze the performance of the system and the impact of some LTE parameters on the SINR distribution.
Negli ultimi anni, gli attacchi terroristici sono diventati sempre più sofisticati e coordinati, con il potenziale per causare un drammatico incremento nel numero totale di persone colpite, specialmente se i tempi di risposta delle autorità competenti non sono abbastanza brevi da prevenire grandi perdite e feriti tra le persone coinvolte. Per aumentare l’efficienza e l’efficacia degli agenti per la sicurezza nell’affrontare tali scenari di emergenza, il progetto NATO nel qual contesto questo lavoro di tesi è stato sviluppato prevede il rapido dispiegamento di aereomobili a pilotaggio remoto (UAVs) nella zona attaccata per ripristinare la connettività alla rete, che può essere non disponibile o danneggiata dagli attaccanti, per i soccorritori e i civili colpiti, che possono sfruttare le possibilità fornite da questa rete "ad-hoc" per salvare quante più vite possibili. Difatti, usando la tecnologia di comunicazione da dispositivo a dispositivo (D2D), i dispositivi nella zona attaccata possono sfruttare gli UAV come una Stazione Base Aerea, capace anche di inoltrare le loro informazioni verso un centro di comando esterno (ECC) avente il compito di gestire la situazione. In questa tesi, il processo di sincronizzazione nelle comunicazioni D2D viene analizzato, dato che prima di essere effettivamente in grado di comunicare tra loro, i dispositivi devono trovarsi l’un l’altro; perciò, è uno step fondamentale che tuttavia richiede un numero di operazioni da effettuare rilevante che consuma la carica energetica dei dispositivi, una risorsa preziosa in situazioni di emergenza. Per mitigare questo consumo di energia, un nuovo approccio per la rilevazione dei segnali di sincronizzazione viene proposto e le rispettive prestazioni vengono presentate. Nella seconda parte della tesi, il simulatore di rete ns-3 e le sue librerie relative alla comunicazione D2D nel contesto LTE e alle reti per la pubblica sicurezza vengono sfruttate per valutare alri aspetti del processo di sincronizzazione. L’interazione tra MATLAB e ns-3 all’interno di tutta la tesi rappresenta uno dei contributi originali: le curve di prestazione del metodo proposto ottenute in MATLAB sono implementate in ns-3 come nuove classi, mentre i dati estratti dalle simulazioni ns-3 sono processati in MATLAB in modo da analizzare la distribuzione dei valori di rapporto segnale su rumore ed interferenza (SINR) nel contesto delle comunicazioni D2D. Questi strumenti sono utilizzati per valutare le prestazioni del sistema e l’impatto di alcuni parametri LTE sulle distribuzioni di SINR.
The synchronization process in LTE D2D communications
RAHAL, WISSAM
2018/2019
Abstract
In recent years, terrorist attacks have become more and more sophisticated and coordinated, with the potential of causing a dramatic increase in the total number of people affected, especially if the response time of police officers and law enforcement agencies is not small enough for preventing major losses and injuries to the people involved. To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the public safety officers in coping with such an emergency scenario, the NATO project, in the context of which this work was carried on, envision the fast deployment of Unmmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the attacked area to restore the connectivity to the network, that may be unavailable or damaged by the attackers, for the rescuers and the affected civilians, and to exploit the capabilities provided by this "ad-hoc" network for saving as many lives as possible. In fact, leveraging on the D2D communication technology, the devices in the attacked premises can exploit the UAV as an Aerial Base Station, able also to relay their information to an External Command Center (ECC) in charge of managing the situation. In this thesis, the synchronization process in D2D communication is analyzed, since before actually being able to communicate between themselves, the devices need to find one another; therefore, it is a fundamental step which however requires a relevant number of operations that consume the device energy, a precious resource in emergency situation. To mitigate the energy consumption, a novel approach for the detection of synchronization signals is proposed and its performance is presented. In the second part of the thesis, the ns-3 network simulator and its libraries related to the D2D communication in LTE and Public Safety Networks are exploited in order to evaluate other aspects of the synchronization process. The interaction between MATLAB and ns-3 throughout all the thesis represents another original contribution: in fact, the performance curves for the proposed method obtained in MATLAB are then implemented in the ns-3 as new classes, while the data extracted from ns-3 simulations are processed in MATLAB in order to analyze the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) distribution in the D2D communication context. By means of these tools, we analyze the performance of the system and the impact of some LTE parameters on the SINR distribution.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/153697