Bottled water consumption in Italy is amongst the highest at the European level. In the attempt to provide a better understanding of the environmental impacts of this sector, this thesis evaluates with a life cycle approach the environmental performance associated with the distribution of water in PET bottles in the Horeca sector of the Lombardy region. The analyzed system was mainly described with primary inventory data and the evaluation considered 14 impact indicators. The results suggest that the life cycle of the PET bottle and the transportation from the bottling plant to the local distributor are the major ‘hot spot’ for all the analyzed impact categories. For having a better environmental performance in the analyzed system it is thus recommended to: replace virgin PET granulate by recycled PET in the bottle (up to 50% by weight), upgrade the full fleet of trucks used in the transportation, and have a local market distribution (within 300 km). The second part of this study was focused on the comparison between the use of one-way PET bottles and refillable glass bottles. According to obtained results, the refilling system based on glass can represent a valid alternative only when characterized by short distances separating bottling facilities and local distributors (at most 100-200 km). A further recommendation is also to assure that glass bottles are used at least 25 times before their disposal.
L’Italia risulta tra i primi paesi in Europa per consumo di acqua minerale in bottiglia e per tale motivo la quantificazione degli impatti ambientali di tale settore diventa di prioritaria importanza. Questa tesi si propone di valutare gli impatti ambientali associati alla distribuzione di acqua in bottiglie mono-uso in PET per il settore Horeca in Regione Lombardia. L’analisi è stata effettuata prevalentemente con dati di inventario primari considerando 14 categorie di impatto. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che le fasi più impattanti del sistema analizzato sono il ciclo di vita della bottiglia e la distribuzione dell’acqua dall’impianto di imbottigliamento al distributore locale. Miglioramenti significativi del sistema possono essere ottenuti utilizzando granuli di PET riciclato (fino al 50% in peso) in fase di produzione dell’imballaggio, aggiornando la flotta di automezzi utilizzata per la distribuzione e riducendo le distanze di trasporto coinvolte. Nella seconda parte dello studio il sistema di distribuzione con bottiglie in PET mono-uso è stato confrontato con la distribuzione dell’acqua attraverso contenitori in vuoto a rendere. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che il sistema a rendere può essere competitivo solo se implementato su un mercato locale (100-200 km). Inoltre, le bottiglie in vetro devono essere riutilizzate almeno 25 volte prima di essere smaltite.
Life cycle assessment of the distribution of packaged water
GRISALES, VIVIANA
2019/2020
Abstract
Bottled water consumption in Italy is amongst the highest at the European level. In the attempt to provide a better understanding of the environmental impacts of this sector, this thesis evaluates with a life cycle approach the environmental performance associated with the distribution of water in PET bottles in the Horeca sector of the Lombardy region. The analyzed system was mainly described with primary inventory data and the evaluation considered 14 impact indicators. The results suggest that the life cycle of the PET bottle and the transportation from the bottling plant to the local distributor are the major ‘hot spot’ for all the analyzed impact categories. For having a better environmental performance in the analyzed system it is thus recommended to: replace virgin PET granulate by recycled PET in the bottle (up to 50% by weight), upgrade the full fleet of trucks used in the transportation, and have a local market distribution (within 300 km). The second part of this study was focused on the comparison between the use of one-way PET bottles and refillable glass bottles. According to obtained results, the refilling system based on glass can represent a valid alternative only when characterized by short distances separating bottling facilities and local distributors (at most 100-200 km). A further recommendation is also to assure that glass bottles are used at least 25 times before their disposal.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PACKAGED WATER.pdf
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Descrizione: Thesis- LCA of the distribution of bottled water
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/153721