Göbekli Tepe is located in Sanliurfa city, which is in south eastern region of Turkey, just next to Syrian border. Sanliurfa is known as city of the prophets and according to Jewish and Muslim mythology, Urfa is the hometown of Abraham. The city has many civilizations in its history because of its geopolitical location in Upper Mesopotamia and rich historical and cultural heritage. Göbekli Tepe, which is located on the 800 meters highest point of Germüş plateau near Örencik Village, 15 km northeast of Sanliurfa, is one of the most significant archaeological sites. Unlike the most Neolithic settlements, Göbekli Tepe is not built on the waterfront, valley or plain, but it is located in a high point to the north of the Harran Plain, and it is also in a safe location against the dangers of the environment. In 1963, the site was introduced to the world of archaeology as a result of surface studies conducted by Peter Benedict and Halet Çambel. Based on the findings acquired from archaeological excavations and studies happened in Göbekli Tepe, its history is dated back to 10.000 B.C. and it was determined to be the oldest area of faith and settlement. As a result of the excavations carried out in this site, which is symbolized by T-shaped monumental stones, numerous animal sculptures, flint tools, obsidian tools, jewellery pieces and stone vessels, grinding stones, animal hands, flat axes and small figurines were unearthed. Above all, for the reason The Site have been recently revealed to the humanity, there are some deficiencies and imperfections on its infrastructure and landscape settings. Therefore, there is a need for a Landscape Design Concept that respects and enhances the character of the Site while helping to convey its cultural importance and its values – without irreversibly interfering with current settings The Site. Main focus of this thesis is conservation of the Site’s attributes and spirits, ensuring sustainable improvement and use of The Site and its fabric, besides enhancement of its cultural and historical value with a new landscape design and additional programs. Main problem of the site is unexpectedly growing number of the visitors and lack of infrastructures in order to cover the visitors’ needs on The Site. Additionally, Turkish government and local municipality of Sanliurfa have future tourism projects including Göbekli Tepe as a head of the plans. Even 2019 declared the Year of Göbekli Tepe by Turkish government. In this aspect, there will be need for new programs and infrastructures. Thesis proposals are developed in 3 scales such as architectural, landscape and urban scales under the titles 3 strategies such as 1 year, 5 years and 10 years which are defined as future scenarios. The strategies are In architectural scale, new programs are proposed according to fulfil the needs of the visitors and researchers. In the landscape scale, new walkway from the shuttle services to the top of the hill is proposed in order to increase the walkability and understanding of the site’s setting. In addition, new watching points are proposed to decrease the concentration of the visitors in archaeological excavation area and increase the awareness of the site. 2 highest points around the mound of Göbekli Tepe are selected. The one in northwest has the view seeing clearly the mound of Göbekli Tepe. The another one has the view seeing directly whole Harran Plateau which is the biggest agricultural flat area of the city Sanliurfa. In the other hand, in urban scale new bicycle connection from the city centre is proposed as a new sustainable accessibility element. In addition, the other t-shape archaeological areas around Göbekli Tepe are determined and connected with a bicycle accessibility in order to provide a continuity link between the sites which have same characteristic historical attributes.
Göbekli Tepe si trova nella città di Sanliurfa, nella regione sud-orientale della Turchia, proprio accanto al confine siriano. Sanliurfa è conosciuta come la città dei profeti e secondo la mitologia ebraica e musulmana, Urfa è la città natale di Abramo. La città ha molte civiltà nella sua storia a causa della sua posizione geopolitica in Alta Mesopotamia e ricco patrimonio storico e culturale. Göbekli Tepe, che si trova sul punto più alto a 800 metri dell'altopiano di Germüş vicino al villaggio di Örencik, 15 km a nord-est di Sanliurfa, è uno dei siti archeologici più significativi. A differenza degli insediamenti più neolitici, Göbekli Tepe non è costruito sul lungomare, sulla valle o sulla pianura, ma si trova in un punto alto a nord della pianura di Harran ed è anche in una posizione sicura contro i pericoli dell'ambiente. Nel 1963, il sito fu introdotto nel mondo dell'archeologia a seguito di studi di superficie condotti da Peter Benedict e Halet Çambel. Sulla base dei reperti acquisiti da scavi archeologici e studi avvenuti a Göbekli Tepe, la sua storia risale al 10.000 a.C. ed è stato determinato per essere l'area più antica di fede e insediamento. Come risultato degli scavi effettuati in questo sito, che è simboleggiato da pietre monumentali a forma di T, numerose sculture di animali, strumenti di selce, strumenti di ossidiana, gioielli e vasi di pietra, pietre per macinare, lancette di animali, asce piatte e piccole figurine erano portato alla luce. Soprattutto, per il motivo che il sito è stato recentemente rivelato all'umanità, ci sono alcune carenze e imperfezioni nelle sue infrastrutture e nei suoi scenari. Pertanto, è necessario un concetto di progettazione del paesaggio che rispetti e valorizzi il carattere del sito contribuendo nel contempo a comunicare la sua importanza culturale e i suoi valori, senza interferire irreversibilmente con le attuali impostazioni del sito. L'obiettivo principale di questa tesi è la conservazione degli attributi e degli spiriti del Sito, garantendo un miglioramento e un uso sostenibili del Sito e del suo tessuto, oltre a migliorare il suo valore culturale e storico con una nuova progettazione del paesaggio e programmi aggiuntivi. Il problema principale del sito è il numero inaspettatamente crescente di visitatori e la mancanza di infrastrutture al fine di coprire le esigenze dei visitatori sul sito. Inoltre, il governo turco e il comune locale di Sanliurfa hanno futuri progetti turistici tra cui Göbekli Tepe a capo dei piani. Anche il 2019 ha dichiarato l'Anno di Göbekli Tepe dal governo turco. Sotto questo aspetto, saranno necessari nuovi programmi e infrastrutture. Le proposte di tesi sono sviluppate in 3 scale come scale architettoniche, paesaggistiche e urbane con i titoli 3 strategie come 1 anno, 5 anni e 10 anni che sono definiti come scenari futuri. Le strategie sono In scala architettonica, vengono proposti nuovi programmi in base alle esigenze dei visitatori e dei ricercatori. In scala paesaggistica, viene proposta una nuova passerella dai servizi navetta alla cima della collina per aumentare la pedonabilità e la comprensione delle impostazioni del sito. Inoltre, vengono proposti nuovi punti di osservazione per ridurre la concentrazione dei visitatori nell'area di scavo archeologico e aumentare la consapevolezza del sito. Sono selezionati 2 punti più alti attorno al tumulo di Göbekli Tepe. Quello a nord-ovest ha la vista vedendo chiaramente il tumulo di Göbekli Tepe. L'altro ha la vista vedendo direttamente l'intero altopiano di Harran, che è la più grande area pianeggiante agricola della città di Sanliurfa. D'altra parte, a livello urbano viene proposto un nuovo collegamento di biciclette dal centro città come nuovo elemento di accessibilità sostenibile. Inoltre, le altre aree archeologiche a forma di T attorno a Göbekli Tepe sono determinate e collegate con un'accessibilità in bicicletta al fine di fornire un collegamento di continuità tra i siti che hanno gli stessi attributi storici caratteristici.
Conservation, re-setting and enhancement of the zero point in time : Gobekli Tepe
SAHIN, MUHAMMED EMIN
2018/2019
Abstract
Göbekli Tepe is located in Sanliurfa city, which is in south eastern region of Turkey, just next to Syrian border. Sanliurfa is known as city of the prophets and according to Jewish and Muslim mythology, Urfa is the hometown of Abraham. The city has many civilizations in its history because of its geopolitical location in Upper Mesopotamia and rich historical and cultural heritage. Göbekli Tepe, which is located on the 800 meters highest point of Germüş plateau near Örencik Village, 15 km northeast of Sanliurfa, is one of the most significant archaeological sites. Unlike the most Neolithic settlements, Göbekli Tepe is not built on the waterfront, valley or plain, but it is located in a high point to the north of the Harran Plain, and it is also in a safe location against the dangers of the environment. In 1963, the site was introduced to the world of archaeology as a result of surface studies conducted by Peter Benedict and Halet Çambel. Based on the findings acquired from archaeological excavations and studies happened in Göbekli Tepe, its history is dated back to 10.000 B.C. and it was determined to be the oldest area of faith and settlement. As a result of the excavations carried out in this site, which is symbolized by T-shaped monumental stones, numerous animal sculptures, flint tools, obsidian tools, jewellery pieces and stone vessels, grinding stones, animal hands, flat axes and small figurines were unearthed. Above all, for the reason The Site have been recently revealed to the humanity, there are some deficiencies and imperfections on its infrastructure and landscape settings. Therefore, there is a need for a Landscape Design Concept that respects and enhances the character of the Site while helping to convey its cultural importance and its values – without irreversibly interfering with current settings The Site. Main focus of this thesis is conservation of the Site’s attributes and spirits, ensuring sustainable improvement and use of The Site and its fabric, besides enhancement of its cultural and historical value with a new landscape design and additional programs. Main problem of the site is unexpectedly growing number of the visitors and lack of infrastructures in order to cover the visitors’ needs on The Site. Additionally, Turkish government and local municipality of Sanliurfa have future tourism projects including Göbekli Tepe as a head of the plans. Even 2019 declared the Year of Göbekli Tepe by Turkish government. In this aspect, there will be need for new programs and infrastructures. Thesis proposals are developed in 3 scales such as architectural, landscape and urban scales under the titles 3 strategies such as 1 year, 5 years and 10 years which are defined as future scenarios. The strategies are In architectural scale, new programs are proposed according to fulfil the needs of the visitors and researchers. In the landscape scale, new walkway from the shuttle services to the top of the hill is proposed in order to increase the walkability and understanding of the site’s setting. In addition, new watching points are proposed to decrease the concentration of the visitors in archaeological excavation area and increase the awareness of the site. 2 highest points around the mound of Göbekli Tepe are selected. The one in northwest has the view seeing clearly the mound of Göbekli Tepe. The another one has the view seeing directly whole Harran Plateau which is the biggest agricultural flat area of the city Sanliurfa. In the other hand, in urban scale new bicycle connection from the city centre is proposed as a new sustainable accessibility element. In addition, the other t-shape archaeological areas around Göbekli Tepe are determined and connected with a bicycle accessibility in order to provide a continuity link between the sites which have same characteristic historical attributes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Booklet.pdf
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Panels.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/154151