The presented thesis has been developed in collaboration with E-shock and it proposes useful techniques for the control design of longitudinal and lateral motion of an electric chassis, which is equipped with a complete drive by wire technology for the achievement of all its functions. The thesis starts with a brief description of the main components of the chassis and the connections holding with each others, in particular of its powertrain, the steer by wire system and the brake by wire system. An analysis of the software system is provided afterwards, with a particular focus on the vehicle state machine, which identifies four main operating states the vehicle may fall into, along with the conditions to switch from one to another. The thesis goes on with the description of the chassis simulator, which was created on Simscape Multibody. The chassis simulator relies only partially on the authentic mechanical description of the vehicle. More precisely, the real mechanical description of the two axles was considered, along with the dynamic behaviour of the suspensions, while the rest of the chassis was seen as one rigid body with uniform mass distribution. Moreover, the simulator was provided with the real motor characteristic curve, as well as a simplified description of the braking actuator dynamics. The simulator was then tested using different control strategies. For the longitudinal dynamics, a closed-loop vehicle longitudinal velocity control was implemented, along with a strategy for the braking torque repartition between front and rear axle, and for the braking torque blending between calipers and electric motor. On the other hand, an open-loop steering angle control was introduced for the lateral dynamics. Finally, each wheel was equipped with an ABS logic. The control block has been designed so to receive a longitudinal velocity reference and a steering angle reference. These signals are sent after a proper filtering applied by the human-machine interface, which is designed to receive information from two different joysticks, namely a one analogue lever joystick and a two analogue levers joystick. Furthermore, the HMI setting can be changed according to different ground conditions - dry, wet, snow, ice - and the drive mode - sport, city.
La tesi presentata è stata sviluppata in collaborazione con E-shock e propone tecniche utili per la progettazione del controllo del movimento longitudinale e laterale di un telaio elettrico, che è dotato di una tecnologia completamente drive-by-wire per lo svolgimento di tutte le sue funzioni. La tesi inizia con una breve descrizione dei principali componenti del telaio e delle loro inter-connessioni, in particolare del suo power-train, del sistema di Stir-by-wire e del sistema di Brake-by-wire. Successivamente viene fornita un'analisi del sistema software, con particolare attenzione alla macchina a stati del veicolo, che identifica quattro stati operativi principali in cui il veicolo può operare, insieme alle condizioni per passare da uno all'altro. La tesi prosegue con la descrizione del simulatore, creato su Simscape Multibody. Il simulatore del telaio si basa solo parzialmente sull'autentica descrizione meccanica del veicolo. Più precisamente, sono stati considerati in maniera più dettagliata i due assi insieme al comportamento dinamico delle sospensioni, mentre il resto del telaio è stato visto come un corpo rigido con distribuzione di massa uniforme. Inoltre, è stata inserita una descrizione dettagliata del motore elettrico e una descrizione semplificata della dinamica dell'attuatore di frenata. Il simulatore è stato quindi testato utilizzando diverse strategie di controllo. Per la dinamica longitudinale, è stato implementato un controllo della velocità longitudinale del veicolo in anello chiuso, insieme a una strategia per la ripartizione della coppia frenante tra asse anteriore e posteriore e per la distribuzione della coppia frenante tra pinze e motore elettrico. Inoltre, è stato introdotto un controllo dell'angolo di sterzo in anello aperto per la dinamica laterale. Infine per ogni ruota è stata implementata una logica ABS. Il blocco di controllo è stato progettato in modo da ricevere un riferimento di velocità longitudinale e un riferimento dell'angolo di sterzata. Questi segnali vengono inviati dopo un adeguato filtro applicato dall’ HMI progettata per ricevere informazioni da due diversi joystick.
Control design of a by-wire actuated electric vehicle chassis
TONALI, ALESSANDRO;TREZZA, GIANLUIGI
2019/2020
Abstract
The presented thesis has been developed in collaboration with E-shock and it proposes useful techniques for the control design of longitudinal and lateral motion of an electric chassis, which is equipped with a complete drive by wire technology for the achievement of all its functions. The thesis starts with a brief description of the main components of the chassis and the connections holding with each others, in particular of its powertrain, the steer by wire system and the brake by wire system. An analysis of the software system is provided afterwards, with a particular focus on the vehicle state machine, which identifies four main operating states the vehicle may fall into, along with the conditions to switch from one to another. The thesis goes on with the description of the chassis simulator, which was created on Simscape Multibody. The chassis simulator relies only partially on the authentic mechanical description of the vehicle. More precisely, the real mechanical description of the two axles was considered, along with the dynamic behaviour of the suspensions, while the rest of the chassis was seen as one rigid body with uniform mass distribution. Moreover, the simulator was provided with the real motor characteristic curve, as well as a simplified description of the braking actuator dynamics. The simulator was then tested using different control strategies. For the longitudinal dynamics, a closed-loop vehicle longitudinal velocity control was implemented, along with a strategy for the braking torque repartition between front and rear axle, and for the braking torque blending between calipers and electric motor. On the other hand, an open-loop steering angle control was introduced for the lateral dynamics. Finally, each wheel was equipped with an ABS logic. The control block has been designed so to receive a longitudinal velocity reference and a steering angle reference. These signals are sent after a proper filtering applied by the human-machine interface, which is designed to receive information from two different joysticks, namely a one analogue lever joystick and a two analogue levers joystick. Furthermore, the HMI setting can be changed according to different ground conditions - dry, wet, snow, ice - and the drive mode - sport, city.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TesiConCapitoli.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della Tesi
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10.91 MB
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10.91 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
TesiVersioneFinale.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo finale della tesi
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10.88 MB
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10.88 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/164347