Since the beginning of civilisation, water and the presence of water have played an important role in human settlements and the formation of cities. In Iranian territory, water as the main resuscitative element has always had a unique value. Looking at history, we cannot detach water and civilisation in Iranian Plateau. In fact, water becomes the DNA of Iranian early settlements which forms and develops the cities. Water exploitation has always been the main concern in the formation of Iranian cities. Throughout history, directing water from mountains to “farms and settlements” has made it possible for Iranian urban communities to survive especially in dry regions. In hill cities and the cities located on the alluvial plains and the piedmont, water can move naturally on the surface. Consequently, cities formed and developed along the surface water in these regions. but since the territory of Iran has been a dry country, most of these rivers are seasonal and they do not contain water in all periods of the year. Again in these regions, water and water management become important and the cities formed and developed to gain the maximum benefits from the water. The key point regarding the water and water exploitation in Iranian territory is the cultural side effect that comes beside the physical shape of the cities. Water generated spaces (such as; Water storage, Ice storage, and bath), Public spaces (such as; mosque, garden, school) and private spaces(such as courtyards) are among the Iranian urban elements that formed beside the water and they work all together as an integrated system rather than individually. therefore, water as the center of the Iranian cities has more value than land and all the socio-economic activities of the city are controlled by the water. Unfortunately, today people have lost their original attitude toward the water as far as we can say that the water is consumed like a prepared product in contemporary cities. Tehran, the capital of the country was primitively a small village with more than 3000 years of history located on foothills of the Alborz mountains. In 1781, Tehran became the capital and consequently involved in the process of urban development. Before development, Tehran like other traditional cities was created and developed respecting its own territory. Water resources of Tehran consisted of five river-valleys(surface resources) as the main resources and a huge number of Qanat channels (underground resources) as the secondary resources. These systems were capable of fulfilling all the water requirements of the city. River-valleys are the critical shapers of Tehran’s natural geography. Water moves naturally inside the river basins and connects the mountains’ ecology in the north (higher altitude) to the agricultural plains in the south(lower altitude). The City of Tehran is formed and developed in the piedmont between the mountains and agricultural plains across the axis of the river-valleys. Thus, river-valleys are acting as the ecological blue corridors that bring nature inside the city. Unfortunately, today, uncontrolled development has prevented the city to have an accommodated dialogue with its nature as far as we can call Tehran “ A metropolis that is detached from its natural territory”. As a result of rapid development, population explosion made the existing water resources insufficient to supply the city. Consequently, the government instead of coordinated development with the natural territory decided to use water plumbing to fulfill water needs. Dams were constructed and water would be transferred into the city using pipes and consuming energy sources. In 1951, the water plumbing of Tehran began, and however, the problem of water was solved but this alternation took place without considering the historical and cultural background toward the water. As a result, in less than one century the value of the water has been forgotten. People use water as a prepared product without knowing where the water comes from. River-valleys as ecological blue corridors of the city are being neglected. They have been a threat rather than an opportunity. The river banks have become the place for the residential and industrial sewages, riversides are abandoned and unqualified spaces, and constructions are taking place inside the river basins. All of these happen because the water has been forgotten as the DNA of the city. What if we make people aware of the water’s value again? Do people understand the value of water if they see the water as the generator of their city? What if we make the people’s lives involved with water again? What if we reclaim the urban-nature dialogue according to the city’s unique territorial capabilities? what if we regenerate the river corridors to act as the durable ecological armatures of the city? The objective of this study is to propose a system to reclaim the city-nature interface by focusing on Tehran’s surface water corridors ( river-valleys). Tehran has been chosen as a metropolis that undergoes the water crisis due to uncontrolled urbanisation . The aim is to reinterpret the qanat systems as a socio-ecological blue infrastructure on the surface water corridors to act as durable infrastructural armatures of the city. The Kan river corridor(as one of the 5 main corridors of the city) has been selected due to its importance within the metropolitan territory to implement the proposed strategies. The strategies applied on this river corridor are capable to be adapted to the other 4 corridors due to their eco-urban capabilities.
Dall'inizio della civiltà, l'acqua e la presenza di acqua hanno giocato un ruolo importante negli insediamenti umani e nella formazione delle città. Nel territorio iraniano, l'acqua come principale elemento di rianimazione ha sempre avuto un valore unico. Guardando la storia, non possiamo staccare l'acqua e la civiltà dall'altopiano iraniano. In effetti, l'acqua diventa il DNA dei primi insediamenti iraniani che forma e sviluppa le città. Lo sfruttamento idrico è sempre stato la principale preoccupazione nella formazione delle città iraniane. Nel corso della storia, dirigere l'acqua dalle montagne verso "fattorie e insediamenti" ha permesso alle comunità urbane iraniane di sopravvivere soprattutto nelle regioni aride. Nelle città collinari e nelle città situate nella pianura alluvionale e nel pedemontana, l'acqua può muoversi naturalmente in superficie. Di conseguenza, le città si sono formate e sviluppate lungo le acque superficiali in queste regioni. ma poiché il territorio dell'Iran è stato un paese arido, la maggior parte di questi fiumi sono stagionali e non contengono acqua in tutti i periodi dell'anno. Ancora una volta in queste regioni, la gestione dell'acqua e dell'acqua diventa importante e le città si formano e si sviluppano per ottenere i massimi benefici dall'acqua. Il punto chiave riguardante lo sfruttamento dell'acqua e dell'acqua nel territorio iraniano è l'effetto collaterale culturale che si accompagna alla forma fisica delle città. Spazi generati dall'acqua (come; deposito d'acqua, deposito di ghiaccio e bagno), spazi pubblici (come; moschea, giardino, scuola) e spazi privati (come cortili) sono tra gli elementi urbani iraniani che si sono formati accanto all'acqua e loro lavorare tutti insieme come un sistema integrato piuttosto che individualmente. pertanto, l'acqua come centro delle città iraniane ha più valore della terra e tutte le attività socio-economiche della città sono controllate dall'acqua. Sfortunatamente, oggi le persone hanno perso il loro atteggiamento originale nei confronti dell'acqua per quanto possiamo dire che l'acqua viene consumata come un prodotto preparato nelle città contemporanee. Teheran, la capitale del paese, era in origine un piccolo villaggio con oltre 3000 anni di storia situato ai piedi delle montagne Alborz. Nel 1781, Teheran divenne la capitale e di conseguenza partecipò al processo di sviluppo urbano. Prima dello sviluppo, Teheran come altre città tradizionali è stata creata e sviluppata nel rispetto del proprio territorio. Le risorse idriche di Teheran consistevano in cinque valli fluviali (risorse di superficie) come risorse principali e un numero enorme di canali Qanat (risorse sotterranee) come risorse secondarie. Questi sistemi erano in grado di soddisfare tutti i requisiti idrici della città. Le valli fluviali sono i fondatori critici della geografia naturale di Teheran. L'acqua si muove naturalmente all'interno dei bacini fluviali e collega l'ecologia delle montagne a nord (altitudine più elevata) con le pianure agricole a sud (altitudine più bassa). La città di Teheran è formata e sviluppata in pedemontana tra le montagne e le pianure agricole attraverso l'asse delle valli fluviali. Pertanto, le valli fluviali agiscono come corridoi ecologici blu che portano la natura all'interno della città. Sfortunatamente, oggi sviluppo incontrollato ha impedito alla città di intrattenere un dialogo accomodante con la sua natura, per quanto possiamo chiamare Teheran "Una metropoli distaccata dal suo territorio naturale". Come risultato di un rapido sviluppo, l'esplosione demografica rese insufficienti le risorse idriche esistenti per rifornire la città. Di conseguenza, il governo invece di uno sviluppo coordinato con il territorio naturale ha deciso di utilizzare l'idraulica per soddisfare il fabbisogno idrico. Furono costruite dighe e l'acqua sarebbe stata trasferita in città usando tubi e consumando fonti di energia. Nel 1951 iniziarono le tubature dell'acqua di Teheran e, tuttavia, il problema dell'acqua fu risolto, ma questa alternanza ebbe luogo senza considerare il background storico e culturale verso l'acqua. Di conseguenza, in meno di un secolo il valore dell'acqua è stato dimenticato. Le persone usano l'acqua come prodotto preparato senza sapere da dove provenga. Le valli fluviali come corridoi blu ecologici della città vengono trascurate. Sono stati una minaccia piuttosto che un'opportunità. Le sponde del fiume sono diventate il luogo per i liquami residenziali e industriali, le sponde del fiume sono abbandonate e gli spazi non qualificati e le costruzioni sono in corso all'interno dei bacini fluviali. Tutto ciò accade perché l'acqua è stata dimenticata come il DNA della città. Che cosa succede se rendiamo le persone consapevoli del valore dell'acqua? Le persone capiscono il valore dell'acqua se vedono l'acqua come il generatore della loro città? E se rendessimo di nuovo coinvolta la vita delle persone con l'acqua? Che cosa succede se rivendichiamo il dialogo urbano-natura in base alle capacità territoriali uniche della città? e se rigenerassimo i corridoi fluviali per agire come le durature armature ecologiche della città? L'obiettivo di questo studio è di proporre un sistema per recuperare l'interfaccia città-natura concentrandosi sui corridoi di acque superficiali di Teheran (valli fluviali). Teheran è stata scelta come metropoli che subisce la crisi idrica a causa di un'urbanizzazione incontrollata. L'obiettivo è reinterpretare i sistemi qanat come un'infrastruttura blu socio-ecologica sui corridoi delle acque superficiali per fungere da durevoli armature infrastrutturali della città. Il corridoio del fiume Kan (come uno dei 5 corridoi principali della città) è stato selezionato per la sua importanza all'interno del territorio metropolitano per attuare le strategie proposte. Le strategie applicate su questo corridoio fluviale possono essere adattate agli altri 4 corridoi in base alle loro capacità eco-urbane. Keywords: KAN VALLE DI FIUME, INTERFACCIA URBANA-NATURA, SERVIZI SOCIO-ECOLOGICI, CORRIDOIO INFRA-ECO, DESIGN RIGENERATIVO, PAESAGGIO PUBBLICO
Toward an infra-eco-corridor : reclaiming urban-nature interface in Kan river corridor
PAKNEZHAD, AMIRREZA;GHOLAMI, MARYAM
2018/2019
Abstract
Since the beginning of civilisation, water and the presence of water have played an important role in human settlements and the formation of cities. In Iranian territory, water as the main resuscitative element has always had a unique value. Looking at history, we cannot detach water and civilisation in Iranian Plateau. In fact, water becomes the DNA of Iranian early settlements which forms and develops the cities. Water exploitation has always been the main concern in the formation of Iranian cities. Throughout history, directing water from mountains to “farms and settlements” has made it possible for Iranian urban communities to survive especially in dry regions. In hill cities and the cities located on the alluvial plains and the piedmont, water can move naturally on the surface. Consequently, cities formed and developed along the surface water in these regions. but since the territory of Iran has been a dry country, most of these rivers are seasonal and they do not contain water in all periods of the year. Again in these regions, water and water management become important and the cities formed and developed to gain the maximum benefits from the water. The key point regarding the water and water exploitation in Iranian territory is the cultural side effect that comes beside the physical shape of the cities. Water generated spaces (such as; Water storage, Ice storage, and bath), Public spaces (such as; mosque, garden, school) and private spaces(such as courtyards) are among the Iranian urban elements that formed beside the water and they work all together as an integrated system rather than individually. therefore, water as the center of the Iranian cities has more value than land and all the socio-economic activities of the city are controlled by the water. Unfortunately, today people have lost their original attitude toward the water as far as we can say that the water is consumed like a prepared product in contemporary cities. Tehran, the capital of the country was primitively a small village with more than 3000 years of history located on foothills of the Alborz mountains. In 1781, Tehran became the capital and consequently involved in the process of urban development. Before development, Tehran like other traditional cities was created and developed respecting its own territory. Water resources of Tehran consisted of five river-valleys(surface resources) as the main resources and a huge number of Qanat channels (underground resources) as the secondary resources. These systems were capable of fulfilling all the water requirements of the city. River-valleys are the critical shapers of Tehran’s natural geography. Water moves naturally inside the river basins and connects the mountains’ ecology in the north (higher altitude) to the agricultural plains in the south(lower altitude). The City of Tehran is formed and developed in the piedmont between the mountains and agricultural plains across the axis of the river-valleys. Thus, river-valleys are acting as the ecological blue corridors that bring nature inside the city. Unfortunately, today, uncontrolled development has prevented the city to have an accommodated dialogue with its nature as far as we can call Tehran “ A metropolis that is detached from its natural territory”. As a result of rapid development, population explosion made the existing water resources insufficient to supply the city. Consequently, the government instead of coordinated development with the natural territory decided to use water plumbing to fulfill water needs. Dams were constructed and water would be transferred into the city using pipes and consuming energy sources. In 1951, the water plumbing of Tehran began, and however, the problem of water was solved but this alternation took place without considering the historical and cultural background toward the water. As a result, in less than one century the value of the water has been forgotten. People use water as a prepared product without knowing where the water comes from. River-valleys as ecological blue corridors of the city are being neglected. They have been a threat rather than an opportunity. The river banks have become the place for the residential and industrial sewages, riversides are abandoned and unqualified spaces, and constructions are taking place inside the river basins. All of these happen because the water has been forgotten as the DNA of the city. What if we make people aware of the water’s value again? Do people understand the value of water if they see the water as the generator of their city? What if we make the people’s lives involved with water again? What if we reclaim the urban-nature dialogue according to the city’s unique territorial capabilities? what if we regenerate the river corridors to act as the durable ecological armatures of the city? The objective of this study is to propose a system to reclaim the city-nature interface by focusing on Tehran’s surface water corridors ( river-valleys). Tehran has been chosen as a metropolis that undergoes the water crisis due to uncontrolled urbanisation . The aim is to reinterpret the qanat systems as a socio-ecological blue infrastructure on the surface water corridors to act as durable infrastructural armatures of the city. The Kan river corridor(as one of the 5 main corridors of the city) has been selected due to its importance within the metropolitan territory to implement the proposed strategies. The strategies applied on this river corridor are capable to be adapted to the other 4 corridors due to their eco-urban capabilities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Project Layouts.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Project Layouts
Dimensione
72.74 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
72.74 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/164419