In 1974 Professor Charles Eastman published a research report entitled "An Outline of the Building Description System" at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh in which he wrote: “Many of the costs of design, construction, and building operation derive from the reliance on drawings as the description of record of the building. As a replacement, this paper outlines the design of a computer system useful for storing and manipulating design information at a detail allowing design, construction, and operational analysis” In his research report, Eastman underlined that the paper format was the only way to share information between different actors in the construction process and this way of proceeding had weaknesses such as the redundant in the description of the same parts of the building using different scales and degrees of detail; the large amount of effort to modify all the designs and keep them updated without creating mistakes and misunderstanding and how the drawings were not enough to share all the necessary data and information, which must be manually taken off construction drawings. Taking all these assessments into consideration, Eastman proposed a system called Building Description System (BDS) to demonstrate how “computer database could be developed that would allow the geometric, spatial, and property description of a very large number of physical elements, arranged in space and connected as in an actual building” From that moment on, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector began to develop increasingly innovative and technological techniques and practices aimed at overcoming those problems. The design and building processes are gradually changing and improving the construction sector, despite being one of the oldest and typically slow to adopt changes. In recent years, numerous software has been created that are able to hinder the difficulties and problems that are pointed out every day, developing a new and different way of approaching the construction process, the so-called Building Information Modeling. The construction sector experiences a digital revolution through BIM that does not only consist of a technological innovation linked to the three-dimensional visualization of the project but also and above all change of perspective and methodology that involves the entire construction process. From here come up the intention of this thesis to approach this new methodology through a practical approach of it, taking as a starting point the development of the scheduling of a real construction site: the energy requalification of three buildings in the Municipality of Peschiera Borromeo (MI) taken in charged by the construction company Teicos UE S.r.l. The main objective of this paper is to describe and demonstrate how to put this new modus operandi into practice in a real case, based on the resources and software available. Specifically, the 3D model was developed through the use of Autodesk Revit, first designing the state of art and then also the design project. This allowed us to have a starting point, especially as regards the extrapolation of the quantities necessary to draw up the estimate metric calculation, developed using STR Vision CPM of the TeamSystem software house. This connection between the two software was made possible thanks to the use of the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) open file format. At this point of the research, having both the quantities of materials and the different processes to be carried out, the project's work time schedule was developed using Microsoft Project. It allows you to identify the individual processes within the project's time frame through the bar graphical display called Gantt Diagram. At this point in the process it is possible to build the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), hierarchical tree in which alpha-numeric codes are associated with each process. This is considered to be an essential step in the process of cooperation and association between all the software used so far, allowing all the data and information developed on the various platforms to be connected and united. Since the construction site will start in the coming months, it is not possible to evaluate the advantages that this new approach could have on the execution phase of the building process, but we are rather optimistic about it. Without any doubt, this research will be useful both personally and at company level to better understand and realize how to deal with this new methodology and how to improve it in the future.
Nel 1974 il professore Charles Eastman ha pubblicato un report di ricerca intitolato “An Outline of the Building Description System” presso la Carnegie Mellon University di Pittsburgh nel quale scriveva: Molti dei costi di progettazione, costruzione e funzionamento dell’edificio derivano dall'affidamento ai disegni la descrizione della documentazione dell’edificio. In sostituzione a ciò, questo documenta delinea la progettazione di un sistema informativo utile per archiviare e modificare le informazioni di progettazione in un grado di dettaglio che permette la progettazione, la costruzione e l’analisi operativa. Nel suo report di ricerca, Eastman sottolineava come il formato cartaceo fosse l’unico modo per scambiare informazioni tra attori diversi del processo edilizio e come questo modo di procedere avesse delle debolezze come la ridondanza nella descrizione delle stesse parti dell’edificio in modi e scale differenti; la difficoltà ed il grande sforzo necessario per modificare tutti i disegni e mantenerli sempre aggiornati senza creare errori ed incomprensioni; nonostante tutto ciò, i disegni non erano sufficienti a condividere tutti i dati e le informazioni necessarie, le quali venivano estratte manualmente dai disegni progettuali. Prendendo in considerazione tutte queste valutazioni, Eastman propose un sistema chiamato Building Description System (BDS) per dimostrare come potrebbe essere sviluppato un database che consentirebbe la descrizione geometrica, spaziale e delle proprietà di un numero molto elevato di elementi fisici, disposti nello spazio e collegati tra loro, come in un edificio reale. Da quel momento in poi il settore dell’architettura, ingegneria e costruzioni (AEC) ha iniziato a sviluppare tecniche e pratiche sempre più innovative e tecnologiche finalizzate a superare determinate problematiche. I processi di progettazione e costruzione stanno gradualmente cambiando e migliorando il settore delle costruzioni, nonostante sia uno dei più antichi e tipicamente lento ad adottare cambiamenti. Negli ultimi anni sono nati numerosi software in grado di contrastare le difficoltà e le problematiche che vengono incontrate ogni giorno, sviluppando un nuovo e differente modo di approcciare il processo edilizio, il cosiddetto Building Information Modeling. Il settore delle costruzioni vive tramite il BIM una rivoluzione digitale che non consiste solo in un’innovazione tecnologica legata alla visualizzazione tridimensionale del progetto ma anche e soprattutto di un cambio di prospettiva e metodologia che coinvolge l’intero processo edilizio. È proprio da qui che nasce l’intenzione di questa tesi di approcciarsi a questa nuova metodologia a livello operativo, prendendo come spunto lo sviluppo della programmazione di un cantiere reale: la riqualificazione energetica di tre palazzine nel Comune di Peschiera Borromeo (MI) presa in carico dall'impresa di costruzioni Teicos UE S.r.l. L’obiettivo principale di questo elaborato è quello di descrivere e dimostrare come mettere in pratica questo nuovo modus operandi in un caso reale, in base alle risorse ed ai software a disposizione. Nello specifico è stato sviluppato il modello 3D attraverso l’utilizzo di Autodesk Revit, prima del solo stato di fatto ed in seguito anche dello stato di progetto. Questo ha permesso di avere una base dalla quale partire, soprattutto per quanto riguarda l’estrapolazione delle quantità necessarie per stilare il computo metrico estimativo, sviluppato all’interno di STR Vision CPM della software house TeamSystem. Questa connessione tra i due software è stata resa possibile grazie all’utilizzo dell’open file format IFC (Industry Foundation Classes). Giunti a questo momento del processo è possibile costruire la Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), albero gerarchico nel quale vengono associati codici alfa-numerici ad ogni lavorazione. Questo viene ritenuto come passaggio essenziale nel processo di cooperazione e interscambio tra tutti i software finora utilizzati, permettendo di collegare e rendere solidali tutti i dati e le informazioni sviluppati sulle diverse piattaforme. A questo punto della ricerca, avendo a disposizione sia le quantità dei materiali sia le differenti lavorazioni da effettuare, è stato sviluppato il crono programma del progetto utilizzando Microsoft Project. Esso permette di identificare le singole lavorazioni all'interno dell’arco temporale del progetto attraverso la visualizzazione grafica a barre denominata diagramma di Gantt. Siccome il cantiere partirà nei prossimi mesi, non è possibile valutare i vantaggi che questo nuovo approccio potrebbe avere sulla fase costruttiva del processo edilizio ma si è comunque piuttosto ottimisti a riguardo. Senza ombra di dubbio questa ricerca è stata utile sia a livello personale sia a livello aziendale per capire e comprendere meglio come poter affrontare questa nuova metodologia e come poterla migliorare nel futuro.
BIM-based planning of a real construction site. The Peschiera triangle
SABBATINI, ANDREA
2018/2019
Abstract
In 1974 Professor Charles Eastman published a research report entitled "An Outline of the Building Description System" at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh in which he wrote: “Many of the costs of design, construction, and building operation derive from the reliance on drawings as the description of record of the building. As a replacement, this paper outlines the design of a computer system useful for storing and manipulating design information at a detail allowing design, construction, and operational analysis” In his research report, Eastman underlined that the paper format was the only way to share information between different actors in the construction process and this way of proceeding had weaknesses such as the redundant in the description of the same parts of the building using different scales and degrees of detail; the large amount of effort to modify all the designs and keep them updated without creating mistakes and misunderstanding and how the drawings were not enough to share all the necessary data and information, which must be manually taken off construction drawings. Taking all these assessments into consideration, Eastman proposed a system called Building Description System (BDS) to demonstrate how “computer database could be developed that would allow the geometric, spatial, and property description of a very large number of physical elements, arranged in space and connected as in an actual building” From that moment on, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector began to develop increasingly innovative and technological techniques and practices aimed at overcoming those problems. The design and building processes are gradually changing and improving the construction sector, despite being one of the oldest and typically slow to adopt changes. In recent years, numerous software has been created that are able to hinder the difficulties and problems that are pointed out every day, developing a new and different way of approaching the construction process, the so-called Building Information Modeling. The construction sector experiences a digital revolution through BIM that does not only consist of a technological innovation linked to the three-dimensional visualization of the project but also and above all change of perspective and methodology that involves the entire construction process. From here come up the intention of this thesis to approach this new methodology through a practical approach of it, taking as a starting point the development of the scheduling of a real construction site: the energy requalification of three buildings in the Municipality of Peschiera Borromeo (MI) taken in charged by the construction company Teicos UE S.r.l. The main objective of this paper is to describe and demonstrate how to put this new modus operandi into practice in a real case, based on the resources and software available. Specifically, the 3D model was developed through the use of Autodesk Revit, first designing the state of art and then also the design project. This allowed us to have a starting point, especially as regards the extrapolation of the quantities necessary to draw up the estimate metric calculation, developed using STR Vision CPM of the TeamSystem software house. This connection between the two software was made possible thanks to the use of the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) open file format. At this point of the research, having both the quantities of materials and the different processes to be carried out, the project's work time schedule was developed using Microsoft Project. It allows you to identify the individual processes within the project's time frame through the bar graphical display called Gantt Diagram. At this point in the process it is possible to build the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), hierarchical tree in which alpha-numeric codes are associated with each process. This is considered to be an essential step in the process of cooperation and association between all the software used so far, allowing all the data and information developed on the various platforms to be connected and united. Since the construction site will start in the coming months, it is not possible to evaluate the advantages that this new approach could have on the execution phase of the building process, but we are rather optimistic about it. Without any doubt, this research will be useful both personally and at company level to better understand and realize how to deal with this new methodology and how to improve it in the future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/164476