Municipal waste management is a discipline devoted to the minimization of adverse effects on human health and the environment, but also a tool able to extract materials and energy from residues generated at the source. The European regulation provides guidelines and recycling targets, but the implementation of interception schemes and infrastructures are left on member states. This work reviews a model for optimization developed by a former student, which considers greenhouse gas emissions, primary energy and costs. The model is based on consequential LCA methodology and characterizes the flows in merceological fractions. Initially, the waste chain is analyzed, focusing on phases and available solutions for every phase, highlighting differences for the merceological fractions considered; afterward, the work introduces waste management models developed in the European context. Selected models stand out because of their completeness or thanks to their innovative approach, and they are used for the assessment of the level of detail needed for the effective representation of waste systems. The last chapter introduces the model through the building blocks that shape the paths of merceological fractions in the systems, highlighting the assumptions that determine greenhouse gas emissions, primary energy and costs associated to the system. The review, through the analyses of the Italian waste chain and models available in the literature, is able to identify aspects that require a more detailed characterisation when modeling waste management systems.
La gestione dei rifiuti urbani è una disciplina volta alla minimizzazione delle ripercussioni negative su ambiente e salute umana, ma anche uno strumento che permette di trasformare ciò che non è più utile in una fonte di materiali od energia. La normativa Europea in merito si limita a fornire linee guida ed obiettivi di riciclaggio, lasciando ai singoli stati autonomia riguardo a schemi di intercettazione ed infrastrutture di trattamento. L’elaborato presenta la revisione di un modello di ottimizzazione sviluppato da un Alumno, che considera emissioni di gas serra, energia primaria e costi. Il modello fa uso della metodologia di analisi del ciclo di vita (LCA), considerando gli scambi con l’esterno in ottica sostitutiva, e caratterizzando i flussi in frazioni merceologiche. Dapprima la catena del rifiuti è analizzata esaminando fasi e soluzioni disponibili per ogni fase, sottolineando le differenze per le varie frazioni merceologiche; successivamente, l’elaborato presenta alcuni modelli per la gestione dei rifiuti, sviluppati nel contesto europeo. I modelli selezionati si distinguono per completezza od innovazione e permettono di comprendere il livello di dettaglio necessario a rappresentare efficacemente il sistema dei rifiuti. Nell’ultimo capitolo, il modello in questione è presentato attraverso gli elementi costituenti che definiscono i percorsi delle frazioni merceologiche nel sistema, mettendo in risalto le assunzioni che determinano emissioni di gas serra, energia e costi associati al sistema. La revisione, attraverso l’analisi della catena Italiana e di modelli esistenti in letteratura, identifica alcuni aspetti che richiedono una migliore caratterizzazione nella modellizzazione del sistema
Municipal waste management systems. Analysis and review of a model for the optimisation of environmental and economic performance
Solbiati, Andrea
2019/2020
Abstract
Municipal waste management is a discipline devoted to the minimization of adverse effects on human health and the environment, but also a tool able to extract materials and energy from residues generated at the source. The European regulation provides guidelines and recycling targets, but the implementation of interception schemes and infrastructures are left on member states. This work reviews a model for optimization developed by a former student, which considers greenhouse gas emissions, primary energy and costs. The model is based on consequential LCA methodology and characterizes the flows in merceological fractions. Initially, the waste chain is analyzed, focusing on phases and available solutions for every phase, highlighting differences for the merceological fractions considered; afterward, the work introduces waste management models developed in the European context. Selected models stand out because of their completeness or thanks to their innovative approach, and they are used for the assessment of the level of detail needed for the effective representation of waste systems. The last chapter introduces the model through the building blocks that shape the paths of merceological fractions in the systems, highlighting the assumptions that determine greenhouse gas emissions, primary energy and costs associated to the system. The review, through the analyses of the Italian waste chain and models available in the literature, is able to identify aspects that require a more detailed characterisation when modeling waste management systems.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2020_07_Solbiati.pdf
Open Access dal 14/07/2023
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/164500