Control of luggage and shipped goods are frequently carried out to avoid terrorist attacks and the shipping of potentially illegal and dangerous materials. In this framework, X-Ray technology is widely used to see and to check the baggage contents. An important manufacturer of X-Ray scanning inspection systems, recognized all over the world, is the Gilardoni Spa located in Mandello del Lario. The devices dedicated to the security check are the one belonging to the FEP production line. The aim of this thesis work was a concrete proposal of a FEP performance improvement focusing on the heart of the acquisition system, the scintillator. To reach that goal, we carried out a careful bibliographic analysis with the aim of evaluating the presence in the global market of a suitable, high performing scintillator which meets the needs of the Gilardoni’s FEP production line. Our objective was to find a better performing substitute of the CsI(Tl), which is the one actually operating. The research was successfully concluded identifying a candidate scintillator. The chosen one is the recently discovered GAGG(Ce) scintillator. To evaluate the performances of the contender scintillator in the FEP acquisition system we developed a reliable method taking into account every acquisition steps efficiency. The X-Rays energy deposition into the scintillator material was evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulation creating a model of the Gilardoni’s photon source, the AION monoblock. The simulations were carried out with MCNP code considering all its components and subsequently they were validated against experimental data. The goodness of scintillator photodiode matching was assessed with a dedicated MATLAB code. The results were promising and auspicious, the advantage in performance were estimated to be up to 16%. Conclusively we wanted to point out that the GAGG(Ce) is theoretically more performant in correspondence with the CsI(Tl). However, for the final application, other features must be evaluated with a preliminary sample test. In the field of radiation detector, we provided a rigorous procedure to evaluate the theoretical goodness of scintillator in a specific application. We were able to create a valuable instrument that allowed the Gilardoni Spa to believe that there are possible and different solutions that can give them advantages in the developments of their products.
Il controllo dei bagagli e delle merci è da sempre considerato un metodo efficace per evitare attacchi terroristici e controllare il commercio illegale di materiali e sostanze potenzialmente pericolose. La tecnologia a raggi X è ampiamente utilizzata per visualizzare e controllare il contenuto dei bagagli. Un importante produttore di scanner a raggi X, riconosciuto in tutto il mondo, è la Gilardoni Spa di Mandello del Lario. I dispositivi dedicati al controllo di sicurezza sono quelli appartenenti alla linea di produzione FEP. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di creare una proposta concreta che portasse a un miglioramento delle prestazioni FEP. Per fare ciò ci siamo concentrati sul sistema di acquisizione ed in particolare sullo scintillatore, effettuando un'attenta analisi bibliografica con lo scopo di valutare la presenza di nuovi scintillatori sul mercato adatti alle esigenze dell’azienda. La ricerca è stata conclusa con successo identificando lo scintillatore GAGG(Ce) come possibile sostituto all’attuale CsI(Tl). Per valutare le prestazioni del rilevatore con il nuovo scintillatore proposto abbiamo sviluppato un metodo rigoroso che tenesse conto dell'efficienza di ogni step del processo di acquisizione. La deposizione di energia dei raggi X all’interno del materiale scintillante è stata stimata con una simulazione Monte Carlo, creando un modello della sorgente di fotoni utilizzata dalla Gilardoni: il monoblocco AION. Le simulazioni sono state eseguite con il software MCNP e successivamente validate sulla base di dati sperimentali. Il matching tra fotodiodo e scintillatore è stato valutato con un codice MATLAB sviluppato appositamente. I risultati sono stati promettenti: il vantaggio in termini di prestazioni è stato stimato pari al 16%. Dalle nostre valutazioni è emerso che lo scintillatore GAGG(Ce) è più performante rispetto all’attuale CsI(Tl) nel sistema di acquisizione FEP. Tuttavia, per un'applicazione pratica, ulteriori proprietà dello scintillatore devono essere prese in considerazione e possibilmente valutate tramite un test sperimentale su un campione di materiale. Con il nostro lavoro, siamo stati in grado di fornire un valido metodo capace di stimare la bontà teorica di un nuovo scintillatore in una specifica applicazione. Questo strumento, unito al modello MCNP sviluppato, potrà aiutare la Gilardoni Spa nella valutazione di future soluzioni innovative per quanto riguarda lo sviluppo dei loro prodotti.
Gilardoni spa X-ray baggage scanning system : review, MCNP modeling and improvement proposal
ROCCHI, ANDREA
2018/2019
Abstract
Control of luggage and shipped goods are frequently carried out to avoid terrorist attacks and the shipping of potentially illegal and dangerous materials. In this framework, X-Ray technology is widely used to see and to check the baggage contents. An important manufacturer of X-Ray scanning inspection systems, recognized all over the world, is the Gilardoni Spa located in Mandello del Lario. The devices dedicated to the security check are the one belonging to the FEP production line. The aim of this thesis work was a concrete proposal of a FEP performance improvement focusing on the heart of the acquisition system, the scintillator. To reach that goal, we carried out a careful bibliographic analysis with the aim of evaluating the presence in the global market of a suitable, high performing scintillator which meets the needs of the Gilardoni’s FEP production line. Our objective was to find a better performing substitute of the CsI(Tl), which is the one actually operating. The research was successfully concluded identifying a candidate scintillator. The chosen one is the recently discovered GAGG(Ce) scintillator. To evaluate the performances of the contender scintillator in the FEP acquisition system we developed a reliable method taking into account every acquisition steps efficiency. The X-Rays energy deposition into the scintillator material was evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulation creating a model of the Gilardoni’s photon source, the AION monoblock. The simulations were carried out with MCNP code considering all its components and subsequently they were validated against experimental data. The goodness of scintillator photodiode matching was assessed with a dedicated MATLAB code. The results were promising and auspicious, the advantage in performance were estimated to be up to 16%. Conclusively we wanted to point out that the GAGG(Ce) is theoretically more performant in correspondence with the CsI(Tl). However, for the final application, other features must be evaluated with a preliminary sample test. In the field of radiation detector, we provided a rigorous procedure to evaluate the theoretical goodness of scintillator in a specific application. We were able to create a valuable instrument that allowed the Gilardoni Spa to believe that there are possible and different solutions that can give them advantages in the developments of their products.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/164528