Archetypal element that joins the architectures of every age and country, the wall becomes one of the foundations of the history of architecture: born from as simple combination of stone blocks, for the circumscription and the delimitation of a space, the wall went through a continuous process of transformations during centuries. The relationship with its origin has never been estinguished, but its shape took on different looks: the inarticulate wall of Egyptian civilization, was followed by the Greek scomposition of the wall into columns, and develop into the Roman intuituon of defining spaces by excavation. The Roman innovation will be the starting point for continuous experimentations about the wall, no longer conceived as bi-dimensional but as a real three-dimensional object with its own depth and therefore full of ways of expressions. With the advent of the modern era, the wall seems to partially lose its relationship with tradition, away from the Vitruvian firmitas. However, analyzing the writings of modern and contemporary architects, it is possible to identify a renewed relationship with tradition, although never assumed literally but always intepreted. Modern architecture thus becomes an instrument of transformation of ancient principles, and it is marked by a constant research for a revolutionary and innovative language, without ever denying its roots. This study, on wihich this degree thesis “The wall, declination on a timeless theme” is based, aims to investigate the apparently dichotomy between tradition and modernity, as we can see from autographed extracts of the architects who led this change: each one suggests a vision of the wall which may appear revolutionary from a formal point of view, while, from an ideological point of view, it is only an attempt to recover and a reinterpretate of the ancient knowledge. The legacy offered by the modernist revolution is taken by many contemporary architects, who begin to develop a personal language connected to the wall: this constant investigation is carried on in Spain and Portugal, with Mendaro Corsini, Carlos Ferrater, Carrilho da Graça and Topos Atelier as some of the main exponents. This theorical research is the starting point for the development of our project, which moves from the study of the great masters, to gain the possibility of exploring the meaning assumed by the walls during the design process. The project starts from the decision to take charge of the geography and the history of the city and its surrounding neighborhoods, and also to relate to the context with different scales. In other words, the project becomes measuring and ordering element, trying to develop a new relationship with a city that already seemed perfect and finished: the Upper Town of Bergamo. By recovering the main element of the Upper Town, the walls, the design of a wall begins as ordering device, an omnipresent axiom that orders the building principles and relates itself to the landscape and its buildings: the new buildings are in constant relationship with the central wall, following the direction imposed by it. The collocation of the wall on the geography of the hills contributes to the formation of a new urban landscape: the new wall becomes limit and horizon for the view of the Upper Town, which stands above it like an ancient artifact on a clear modern base. Music school, concert hall, student residences, library and contemplation space are linked by the architecture of the wall, which becomes a large hollow geometry that can be crossed: the experience of living “in” the wall will culminate recovering the visual relationship with the skyline and with the lower part of Bergamo. The library tower, the end point of the wall, becomes a recall of the medieval towers typical of the Upper Town: from the point of view of the city center, the horizontal line of the wall hides itself behind the tower, becoming part of the geography of the ancient city. A line that joins, divides, cuts, orders, selects: these are only some of the meanings that you can discover behind one of the oldest architectural elements: the wall.
Elemento archetipico che accomuna le architetture di ogni epoca e regione, il muro diviene uno dei fondamenti della storia dell’architettura: nato da semplice accostamento di blocchi lapidei, come atto di circoscrizione e delimitazione di uno spazio, esso è oggetto di continue trasformazioni nel corso dei secoli. Il rapporto con la sua origine non si è mai estinto, ma la sua forma ha assunto differenti manifestazioni, a seconda di luogo e tempo: al muro inarticolato della civiltà egizia, sussegue il tentativo greco di scomposizione della parete, processo che culmina nell’intuizione romana di definire spazi non tramite circoscrizione, ma tramite scavo. L’innovazione romana sarà il punto di partenza per una continua sperimentazione dell’elemento murario, non più concepito bidimensionalmente, ma come vero e proprio oggetto tridimensionale dotato di profondità e ricco di possibilità espressive. Con l’avvento del moderno, il muro pare perdere in parte il proprio rapporto con la tradizione, prendendo le distanze dalla firmitas vitruviana. Tuttavia, attraverso l’approfondimento degli scritti di architetti moderni e contemporanei, è possibile individuare un rinnovato rapporto con la tradizione, mai replicata letteralmente ma sempre interpretata. L’architettura moderna diviene così strumento di trasformazione dei principi antichi, alla ricerca costante di un linguaggio rivoluzionario e innovativo, senza mai negare le proprie radici. Questo approfondimento che accompagna la tesi di laurea “The wall, declination on a timeless theme” rappresenta il tentativo di portare alla luce la relazione apparentemente dicotomica tra tradizione e modernità, attraverso la lettura di estratti autografi degli architetti protagonisti di questo cambiamento: ciascuno è portatore di una visione dell’elemento murario tradizionale che, dal punto di vista formale, può apparire rivoluzionario, ma dal punto di vista ideologico non è altro che un recupero e una rilettura del consolidato sapere antico. L’eredità offerta dalla rivoluzione modernista viene colta da numerosi architetti contemporanei, che avviano una fase di ricerca di un linguaggio personale legato all’elemento murario: Spagna e Portogallo sono teatro di questa costante investigazione, e vedono in Mendaro Corsini, Carlos Ferrater, Carrilho da Graça e Topos Atelier alcuni tra i principali esponenti. I temi che emergono nel corso della narrazione della storia del muro rappresentano la base teorica dello sviluppo del progetto di tesi, che vede nello studio delle opere architettoniche di grandi maestri, la possibilità di ampliare il significato assunto dall’elemento murario nel progetto proposto, dove assume molteplici significati a seconda della scala di riferimento. Il progetto prende avvio dalla decisione di farsi carico della geografia, della storia, della città, dei quartieri circostanti: di relazionarsi al contesto a diverse scale, divenendone l’elemento misuratore e ordinatore, capace di valorizzare anche ciò che già appariva di per sé perfetto e finito: la Città Alta di Bergamo. Tramite il recupero dell’elemento fondante della Città Alta, le mura, ha inizio il disegno di un lavoro progettuale che vede nel muro il suo dispositivo ordinatore, un assioma onnipresente che ordina il principio insediativo e si rapporta al paesaggio e ai suoi edifici, sia antichi che moderni: questi ultimi intrecciano con il muro centrale un rapporto costante, allineandosi alla direzione da esso imposta. La collocazione del setto sulla geografia dei colli di Bergamo favorisce la formazione di un nuovo paesaggio urbano: il nuovo muro diviene limite e orizzonte per la vista della Città Alta, che si staglia sopra di esso come un manufatto antico sollevato su un chiaro basamento moderno. Scuola di musica, sala da concerti, residenze per studenti, biblioteca e spazio di contemplazione sono collegati dall’architettura del muro, il quale diviene una grande geometria cava percorribile: l’esperienza del vivere nella parete avrà il suo culmine nel recupero - normalmente negato dall’essenza stessa del muro comunemente inteso - della relazione visiva con l’orizzonte e la città bassa di Bergamo. La torre della biblioteca, punto terminale della linea muraria, diviene citazione delle torri medievali tipiche dello skyline bergamasco, diventando elemento costitutivo del paesaggio urbano di Città Alta: dal punto di vista del centro della città di Bergamo, la linea orizzontale del muro si nasconde dietro alla torre, entrando in dialogo con la geografia dell’antica città. Una linea che unisce, separa, taglia, ordina, seleziona: è questa la molteplicità di significati racchiusi all’interno di uno dei più antichi elementi architettonici, quale, il muro.
The wall. Declination on a timeless theme
TIRABOSCHI, CLAUDIA;VOLPI, ELENA
2018/2019
Abstract
Archetypal element that joins the architectures of every age and country, the wall becomes one of the foundations of the history of architecture: born from as simple combination of stone blocks, for the circumscription and the delimitation of a space, the wall went through a continuous process of transformations during centuries. The relationship with its origin has never been estinguished, but its shape took on different looks: the inarticulate wall of Egyptian civilization, was followed by the Greek scomposition of the wall into columns, and develop into the Roman intuituon of defining spaces by excavation. The Roman innovation will be the starting point for continuous experimentations about the wall, no longer conceived as bi-dimensional but as a real three-dimensional object with its own depth and therefore full of ways of expressions. With the advent of the modern era, the wall seems to partially lose its relationship with tradition, away from the Vitruvian firmitas. However, analyzing the writings of modern and contemporary architects, it is possible to identify a renewed relationship with tradition, although never assumed literally but always intepreted. Modern architecture thus becomes an instrument of transformation of ancient principles, and it is marked by a constant research for a revolutionary and innovative language, without ever denying its roots. This study, on wihich this degree thesis “The wall, declination on a timeless theme” is based, aims to investigate the apparently dichotomy between tradition and modernity, as we can see from autographed extracts of the architects who led this change: each one suggests a vision of the wall which may appear revolutionary from a formal point of view, while, from an ideological point of view, it is only an attempt to recover and a reinterpretate of the ancient knowledge. The legacy offered by the modernist revolution is taken by many contemporary architects, who begin to develop a personal language connected to the wall: this constant investigation is carried on in Spain and Portugal, with Mendaro Corsini, Carlos Ferrater, Carrilho da Graça and Topos Atelier as some of the main exponents. This theorical research is the starting point for the development of our project, which moves from the study of the great masters, to gain the possibility of exploring the meaning assumed by the walls during the design process. The project starts from the decision to take charge of the geography and the history of the city and its surrounding neighborhoods, and also to relate to the context with different scales. In other words, the project becomes measuring and ordering element, trying to develop a new relationship with a city that already seemed perfect and finished: the Upper Town of Bergamo. By recovering the main element of the Upper Town, the walls, the design of a wall begins as ordering device, an omnipresent axiom that orders the building principles and relates itself to the landscape and its buildings: the new buildings are in constant relationship with the central wall, following the direction imposed by it. The collocation of the wall on the geography of the hills contributes to the formation of a new urban landscape: the new wall becomes limit and horizon for the view of the Upper Town, which stands above it like an ancient artifact on a clear modern base. Music school, concert hall, student residences, library and contemplation space are linked by the architecture of the wall, which becomes a large hollow geometry that can be crossed: the experience of living “in” the wall will culminate recovering the visual relationship with the skyline and with the lower part of Bergamo. The library tower, the end point of the wall, becomes a recall of the medieval towers typical of the Upper Town: from the point of view of the city center, the horizontal line of the wall hides itself behind the tower, becoming part of the geography of the ancient city. A line that joins, divides, cuts, orders, selects: these are only some of the meanings that you can discover behind one of the oldest architectural elements: the wall.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tiraboschi_Volpi_Tesi.pdf
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Tiraboschi_Volpi_Tavole.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/164855