Project Management literature proposes structured processes to deal with changes during project execution, with a basis framework shared by all the references present in literature. Nevertheless, uncontrolled changes to the project scope are still nowadays one of the leading causes of projects exceeding the planned budget and schedule. The scientific literature in fact proposes a foundation upon which organizations have to build their own procedures, tools and techniques. Consequently, the results, in terms of project success, mainly depend on the ability of the single companies to tailor the practices proposed in literature to better suit the particular characteristics of the projects that they manage. Based upon the findings coming from the literature review, this work outlines the state of art of Change Control, by analyzing the practices proper of each step of this process and the interactions that this process has with the other project management processes and areas. Once outlined the state of art, this work compares the practices found in literature with the process adopted by an aeronautical company to manage the changes to the project deliverable in a new product development project, allowing in this way to see how the general practices found in literature are tailored to suit a real application. Moreover, the analysis of the data related to the company process highlighted some criticalities related to the lead time to assess the proposed changes and the level of the information collected during their assessment. These criticalities are mainly due to characteristics proper of aeronautic projects such as the large size of the project and the complexity of the delivered system, whose development requires the integration of several engineering disciplines. The presence of the criticalities emerged from the data analysis led to the development of a framework to address them by improving the coordination of the activities necessary to collect the impacts that a proposed change has on the project, both from the management and technical point of view. The aim of the proposed framework is to reduce the processing time of the change requests and to optimize the impacts analyses performed by the figures involved in the process, reducing the risk of an uncontrolled expansion of project scope and improving the integration of the approved changes with the project baselined plan and budget.
La letteratura nell’ambito del Project Management propone processi strutturati per gestire le modifiche durante la fase di esecuzione del progetto, con una struttura di base comune a tutti i processi proposti. Ciò nonostante, le modifiche incontrollate allo scopo del progetto sono ancora oggi una delle principali cause che portano i progetti ad andare oltre il budget stabilito o in ritardo. La letteratura propone infatti una base sulla quale le organizzazioni devono costruire i loro propri strumenti, procedure e tecniche. Di conseguenza i risultati, in termini di successo del progetto, dipendono principalmente dall’abilità delle singole organizzazioni a adattare le pratiche generali proposte in letteratura per fare in modo che siano adatte alle caratteristiche proprie di ogni diverso progetto. Basandosi sui risultati dell’analisi della letteratura, questa tesi delinea lo stato dell’arte del processo di Change Control, analizzando le pratiche proprie di ognuno degli step che compongono questo processo e le interazioni tra questo processo e gli altri processi utilizzati nella gestione dei progetti. Una volta delineato lo stato dell’arte del processo di Change Control, le pratiche trovate sono confrontate con il processo utilizzato da un’azienda del settore aeronautico per gestire le modifiche al prodotto in un progetto relativo allo sviluppo di un nuovo aeromobile, permettendo così di vedere in che modo le pratiche generali presenti in letteratura vengano adattate per essere applicate in un caso reale. Inoltre, l’analisi dei dati relativi al processo di gestione delle modifiche oggetto del caso studio ha evidenziato alcune criticità relative al tempo necessario a valutare le modifiche proposte e al livello di dettaglio delle informazioni raccolte durante la valutazione. Queste criticità sono principalmente dovute a caratteristiche comuni ai progetti in ambito aeronautico come la dimensione del progetto e la complessità del sistema che viene prodotto, il cui sviluppo richiede l’integrazione di molteplici aree ingegneristiche. La presenza delle criticità emerse dall’analisi dei dati ha portato allo sviluppo di una metodologia per risolverle migliorando la coordinazione delle attività necessarie a raccogliere gli impatti che una modifica può avere sul progetto, sia dal punto di vista tecnico che da quello gestionale. Lo scopo della metodologia proposta è ridurre i tempi di processamento delle richieste di modifica e ottimizzare le analisi degli impatti compiute dalle figure coinvolte nel processo, riducendo così il rischio di un’espansione incontrollata dello scopo del progetto e migliorando l’integrazione delle modifiche con il piano e il budget approvati.
Scope change management in aeronautical projects : best practices to optimize cost control
BUZZI, FEDERICO
2018/2019
Abstract
Project Management literature proposes structured processes to deal with changes during project execution, with a basis framework shared by all the references present in literature. Nevertheless, uncontrolled changes to the project scope are still nowadays one of the leading causes of projects exceeding the planned budget and schedule. The scientific literature in fact proposes a foundation upon which organizations have to build their own procedures, tools and techniques. Consequently, the results, in terms of project success, mainly depend on the ability of the single companies to tailor the practices proposed in literature to better suit the particular characteristics of the projects that they manage. Based upon the findings coming from the literature review, this work outlines the state of art of Change Control, by analyzing the practices proper of each step of this process and the interactions that this process has with the other project management processes and areas. Once outlined the state of art, this work compares the practices found in literature with the process adopted by an aeronautical company to manage the changes to the project deliverable in a new product development project, allowing in this way to see how the general practices found in literature are tailored to suit a real application. Moreover, the analysis of the data related to the company process highlighted some criticalities related to the lead time to assess the proposed changes and the level of the information collected during their assessment. These criticalities are mainly due to characteristics proper of aeronautic projects such as the large size of the project and the complexity of the delivered system, whose development requires the integration of several engineering disciplines. The presence of the criticalities emerged from the data analysis led to the development of a framework to address them by improving the coordination of the activities necessary to collect the impacts that a proposed change has on the project, both from the management and technical point of view. The aim of the proposed framework is to reduce the processing time of the change requests and to optimize the impacts analyses performed by the figures involved in the process, reducing the risk of an uncontrolled expansion of project scope and improving the integration of the approved changes with the project baselined plan and budget.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165221