For several years homes and offices heating and air conditioning systems have been among the main protagonists of the national electricity consumption. The analysis of energy-saving solutions has become one of the main challenges for domotic research. However, the presence of nonlinearities in physical formulas that describe the buildings’ dynamics has always made it difficult to implement accurate optimal control structures for the economy and housing comfort. The following treatment has two main purposes. Firstly, guidelines will be provided concerning the physical modelling of the elements involved in the building’s thermal exchanges, underlying the various approaches in parameters identification and the mathematical interactions of thermal subunits; then, several Nonlinear Model Predictive Controllers (NMPC) based strategies for regulating a Heating and Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system will be analyzed. The first one being explained will be a centralized control structure (CEN-NMPC), followed by a decentralized control (DEC-NMPC), a nonlinear reduced-order model predictive control (RED-NMPC) and a cascade control structure (CAS-NMPC). After an analysis of sensitivity and robustness, for each one of the described regulation strategies will be listed merits, defects and impact on the energy performance and livability of the building. Finally, it will be proved that NMPC remains one of the best solutions for adjusting quantities related to HVAC systems.
Da diversi anni, tra i protagonisti principali del consumo elettrico nazionale, si trovano i sistemi di riscaldamento e condizionamento di abitazioni ed uffici. L’analisi di soluzioni per il risparmio energetico è diventata una delle principali sfide per l’ambito della ricerca domotica, ma la presenza di non linearità nelle formule fisiche che descrivono le dinamiche degli edifici, tuttavia, ha sempre reso difficile l’implementazione di accurate strutture di controllo ottimo per l’economia ed il comfort abitativo. La seguente trattazione ha due scopi principali: innanzitutto si forniranno linee guida circa la modellazione fisica degli elementi coinvolti negli scambi termici caratterizzanti un edificio, esplicitando le loro interazioni matematiche e le modalità di ricerca dei parametri; in secondo luogo si vedranno analizzate diverse strategie di regolazione di un impianto di riscaldamento, ventilazione e climatizzazione che facciano utilizzo di controllori ottimi predittivi di modelli non lineari (NMPC), fra cui una struttura di controllo centralizzata (CEN-NMPC), una decentralizzata (DEC-NMPC), una con modello ridotto (RED-NMPC) e una struttura di controllori in cascata (CAS-NMPC). Dopo un’analisi di sensitività e robustezza, di ciascuna di queste verranno elencati pregi e difetti ed impatto sulle prestazioni energetiche e sulla vivibilità dell’edificio. Si andrà infine a dimostrare come il controllo non lineare predittivo rimane uno strumento valido per la regolazione di uno stabile.
Modeling and control of a building with a complex thermal network through different NMPC strategies
MARTINOLI, FEDERICO;Veronese, Giuseppe
2019/2020
Abstract
For several years homes and offices heating and air conditioning systems have been among the main protagonists of the national electricity consumption. The analysis of energy-saving solutions has become one of the main challenges for domotic research. However, the presence of nonlinearities in physical formulas that describe the buildings’ dynamics has always made it difficult to implement accurate optimal control structures for the economy and housing comfort. The following treatment has two main purposes. Firstly, guidelines will be provided concerning the physical modelling of the elements involved in the building’s thermal exchanges, underlying the various approaches in parameters identification and the mathematical interactions of thermal subunits; then, several Nonlinear Model Predictive Controllers (NMPC) based strategies for regulating a Heating and Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system will be analyzed. The first one being explained will be a centralized control structure (CEN-NMPC), followed by a decentralized control (DEC-NMPC), a nonlinear reduced-order model predictive control (RED-NMPC) and a cascade control structure (CAS-NMPC). After an analysis of sensitivity and robustness, for each one of the described regulation strategies will be listed merits, defects and impact on the energy performance and livability of the building. Finally, it will be proved that NMPC remains one of the best solutions for adjusting quantities related to HVAC systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165247