Charged particle cancer therapy is an important technique in radiation oncology, which is being employed in more centres in the world for its capability to destroy radioresistant and inoperable tumours, thanks to the superior ballistic precision and radiobiological effectiveness of the employed radiation. However, while being based on radiobiological models that allow to evaluate the effect of the dose distribution over the target, it is not optimized in terms of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and biological dose, because it considers the tumour homogeneous in terms of oxygen concentration. Recent studies have proposed to employ a combination of different ions such as 4He, 12C, 16O and 20Ne with high linear energy transfer (LET) and therefore oxygenation enhancement ratio (OER) up to three times lower than conventional radiotherapy, in order to exploit their diverse advantages to achieve an uniform control of large heterogeneous tumour with hypoxic regions. This work presents a first step towards the experimental method to perform quality assurance for these novel multiple ion techniques for hypoxic tumours, to ensure that the beam delivery plan matches with the final beam delivered to the patient. The mixed radiation field produced by the 20Ne ions is investigated in a passive beamline with solid state Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) microdosimeters developed by the Centre of Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), determining microdosimetric quantities such as the dose-mean lineal energy ((y_D ) ̅), the Quality Factor (Q), the dose equivalent (H) and the RBE. A new detector constituted by multiple microdosimeters in parallel is employed for out-of-field measurements, characterized by low dose rate. The experimental results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed with the Geant4 toolkit for validation and further insight. A preliminary study is performed with 4He and 20Ne ions in the scanning beamline used to distribute the dose and LET across the different regions of the tumour. This study also shows the characterization and charge collection study of a novel series of SOI detectors with lower thickness and fewer sensitive volumes produced by CMRP for application in high dose rate radiation fields such as the Pencil Beam Scanning employed in heavy ion therapy.
La radioterapia con particelle cariche è un’importante tecnica di terapia oncologica, che si sta diffondendo in diversi centri nel mondo per la sua capacità di distruggere tumori radioresistenti e inoperabili, grazie alla migliore precisione balistica ed efficacia radiobiologica della radiazione utilizzata. Tuttavia, benché questi trattamenti siano basati su modelli radiobiologici, non sono ottimizzati in termini di efficacia biologica relativa (RBE), in quanto il tumore viene considerato omogeneo in termini di ossigenazione. Recentemente è stato proposto da diversi studi di utilizzare una combinazione di diversi ioni quali 4He, 12C, 16O e 20Ne, dotati di elevato linear energy transfer (LET) e perciò di oxygenation enhancement ratio (OER) fino a tre volte inferiore rispetto alla radioterapia convenzionale, sfruttando le loro diverse caratteristiche per ottenere un controllo uniforme su tumori estesi con regioni ipossiche. Questo progetto rappresenta un primo passo verso l’applicazione sperimentale di un metodo di quality assurance per queste nuove tecniche con ioni multipli per tumori ipossici, per garantire che il piano di erogazione del fascio corrisponda al fascio finale erogato al paziente. La radiazione mista prodotta da un fascio passivo di ioni 20Ne è studiata con microdosimetri a stato solido Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI), sviluppati dal Centre of Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), determinando le quantità microdosimetriche quali l’energia lineale media nella dose ((y_D ) ̅), il Fattore di Qualità (Q), la dose equivalente (H) e l’RBE. Un nuovo detector costituito da diversi microdosimetri in parallelo è utilizzato per misure out-of-field, caratterizzate da basso rateo di dose. I risultati sperimentali sono confrontati con simulazioni Monte Carlo eseguite con il toolkit Geant4 per la loro convalida e ulteriori approfondimenti. Viene mostrato uno studio preliminare condotto su ioni 4He e 20Ne con fascio a scansione, utilizzato per distribuire dose e LET tra le diverse regioni del tumore. Questo lavoro presenta inoltre la caratterizzazione e lo studio della raccolta di carica di una nuova serie di microdosimetri SOI con spessore inferiore e minor volume attivo, prodotti dal CMRP per l’applicazione in radiazione ad alto tasso di dose, come nel fascio a scansione impiegato nella terapia con ioni pesanti.
Silicon on insulator microdosimetry for in-field and out-of-field multiple heavy ion therapy : experiment and Monte Carlo simulations
PAGANI, FEDERICO
2018/2019
Abstract
Charged particle cancer therapy is an important technique in radiation oncology, which is being employed in more centres in the world for its capability to destroy radioresistant and inoperable tumours, thanks to the superior ballistic precision and radiobiological effectiveness of the employed radiation. However, while being based on radiobiological models that allow to evaluate the effect of the dose distribution over the target, it is not optimized in terms of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and biological dose, because it considers the tumour homogeneous in terms of oxygen concentration. Recent studies have proposed to employ a combination of different ions such as 4He, 12C, 16O and 20Ne with high linear energy transfer (LET) and therefore oxygenation enhancement ratio (OER) up to three times lower than conventional radiotherapy, in order to exploit their diverse advantages to achieve an uniform control of large heterogeneous tumour with hypoxic regions. This work presents a first step towards the experimental method to perform quality assurance for these novel multiple ion techniques for hypoxic tumours, to ensure that the beam delivery plan matches with the final beam delivered to the patient. The mixed radiation field produced by the 20Ne ions is investigated in a passive beamline with solid state Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) microdosimeters developed by the Centre of Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), determining microdosimetric quantities such as the dose-mean lineal energy ((y_D ) ̅), the Quality Factor (Q), the dose equivalent (H) and the RBE. A new detector constituted by multiple microdosimeters in parallel is employed for out-of-field measurements, characterized by low dose rate. The experimental results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed with the Geant4 toolkit for validation and further insight. A preliminary study is performed with 4He and 20Ne ions in the scanning beamline used to distribute the dose and LET across the different regions of the tumour. This study also shows the characterization and charge collection study of a novel series of SOI detectors with lower thickness and fewer sensitive volumes produced by CMRP for application in high dose rate radiation fields such as the Pencil Beam Scanning employed in heavy ion therapy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165269