Over the past fifty years, the world's population has experienced a gradual change caused by a percentage decrease in the young component in favour of the elderly and this phenomenon is a consequence of the sharp decrease in the world's total fertility rate, which represents the number of children per woman, as well as the increase in life expectancy that represents the health of a given population. It is also estimated that, thanks to this ageing process, the world's population by 2050 it will be 30% higher than the current one, so it will be made up of 9.6 billion people and 15% of them will be over the age of 65. With regard to Italy, it is assumed that in 2050 the percentage of the elderly, equal to 25% of the total population in 2015, will be about 34% and that the elderly over the age of 85 will be 7.8%. However, this increase in the population leads to a decline in physical and mental capacity due to chronic and/or degenerative diseases with relative and frequent appeals to hospital facilities; these changes in the health of older people can also lead to their disability or non-self-sufficiency thus necessitating diversified care interventions to maintain an acceptable level of quality of their life. The most disabling diseases in this sense are degenerative diseases that affect the cognitive functions and/or motor functions of the affected person and which bring with them a greater need for care but not always the family members manage to take charge of the needs of the elderly and therefore need an adequate residential or semi-residential structure or home care services or a family carer who takes care of his loved one throughout the course of his debilitating disease. The "elderly of the future" therefore turn out to be mostly healthy people who, as they get older, will face one or more chronic diseases that will affect their autonomy, their families and health systems. If you are able to assist them at home in Italy, you can consider several options such as the care of a family carer or caregiver, the Home Care Service (SAD) and the Integrated Home Care Service (ADI) while, in case the elderly need ongoing specialist care, the best choice is a residential care facility, identifying, the most suitable depending on the care you need. It is therefore clear that people who are not self-sufficient need assistance and support in order to achieve a good quality of life as well as for the performance of daily activities because they can no longer cope with them independently. The "homeness" therefore allows the elderly person to live and be cared for in their own home while the "residential" includes all those facilities that can accommodate the elderly and offer them continuous health care effective but, currently, it is still little used compared to the domicile. In recent years, therefore, many models have been developed for the evaluation of health systems and related sizes, which are currently also used for estimating and quantifying the performance of residential structures, but not all of the Italian regions have espoused this project. The aim is therefore to assess the performance of the residences for the elderly and the quality of the staff working in them through the models available and used for hospital facilities and healthcare companies. However, the assessment of the performance of health services is very complex because it includes not only health variables, easily measurable, but also social variables linked to the assisted that are more difficult to assess and are found to be It is also necessary to take into account the individual complexities of the portion of the population that has the greatest access to residential services: older people, mostly female, not self-sufficient, with high health needs and often with cognitive problems. In Italy, for some years, the RSA Sector Observatory of THE LUIC-University Cattaneo and the "Performance Assessment System of Care Residences in Tuscany", carried out by the Laboratory Management and Health (MeS) of the St Anne's High School in Pisa, have been interested in assessing the performance of residential facilities for the elderly and, annually, conduct studies dedicated to the collection of data, through the use of tools proper to the evaluation of health companies and performance indicators, in order to make estimates useful for the improvement of the same residences.
Nel corso degli ultimi cinquanta anni la popolazione mondiale ha sperimentato un progressivo cambiamento causato da una diminuzione percentuale della componente giovane a favore di quella anziana e questo fenomeno è una conseguenza della forte diminuzione del tasso di fecondità totale mondiale, che rappresenta il numero di figli per donna, oltre che dell’aumento dell’aspettativa di vita che rappresenta lo stato di salute di una data popolazione. Si stima, inoltre, che grazie a questo processo di invecchiamento la popolazione mondiale entro il 2050 subirà un aumento del 30% rispetto a quella attuale, sarà quindi formata da 9,6 miliardi di persone e il 15% di esse avrà un’età superiore ai 65 anni. Relativamente all’Italia si ipotizza che nel 2050 la percentuale di anziani, pari al 25% della popolazione totale nel 2015, sarà circa il 34% e che gli anziani di età superiore agli 85 anni sarà pari al 7,8%. Questo aumento della popolazione comporta però un declino delle capacità fisiche e mentali dovuto a malattie croniche e/o degenerative con relativi e frequenti ricorsi alle strutture ospedaliere; questi cambiamenti nella salute delle persone anziane possono portare anche alla loro disabilità o alla loro non autosufficienza rendendo quindi necessari interventi assistenziali diversificati per il mantenimento di un livello accettabile di qualità della loro vita. Le patologie più invalidanti in tale senso sono le malattie degenerative che vanno ad intaccare le funzioni cognitive e/o le funzioni motorie della persona affetta e che portano con sé un maggiore bisogno di assistenza ma non sempre i familiari riescono a farsi carico delle necessità dell’anziano e necessitano, quindi, di una struttura residenziale o semiresidenziale adeguata o dei servizi di cura domiciliare oppure di un assistente familiare che si occupi del proprio caro durante tutto il decorso della sua malattia invalidante. Gli “anziani del futuro” risultano dunque essere persone per lo più in buona salute che invecchiando andranno incontro ad una o più malattie croniche che incideranno sulla loro autonomia, sulle loro famiglie e sui sistemi sanitari. Qualora si riesca ad assisterli presso il proprio domicilio, in Italia, si possono valutare diverse opzioni quali l’assistenza di un familiare caregiver o di una badante, il Servizio di Assistenza Domiciliare (SAD) ed il Servizio di Assistenza Domiciliare Integrata (ADI) mentre, nel caso in cui l’anziano necessiti di una assistenza specialistica continuativa la scelta migliore è una struttura residenziale di cura individuando, la più indicata a seconda delle cure di cui necessita. Risulta, quindi, chiaro che le persone non autosufficienti necessitino di assistenza e supporto per raggiungere una buona qualità della vita oltre che per lo svolgimento delle attività quotidiane perché non riescono più a far fronte ad esse in maniera autonoma. La “domiciliarità” consente quindi alla persona anziana di vivere ed essere curata presso la propria abitazione mentre la “residenzialità” comprende tutte quelle strutture in grado di ospitare le persone anziane e di offrire loro una assistenza sanitaria continuativa ed efficace ma, attualmente è ancora poco utilizzata rispetto alla domiciliarità. Negli ultimi anni sono stati quindi sviluppati molti modelli di valutazione dei sistemi sanitari e delle grandezze ad essi correlate che, attualmente, vengono utilizzati anche per la stima e la quantificazione della performance di strutture residenziali ma non tutte le regioni italiane hanno sposato questo progetto. L’obiettivo è dunque la valutazione della performance delle residenze per anziani e la qualità del personale che lavora in esse tramite i modelli ad oggi disponibili e usati per le strutture ospedaliere e le aziende sanitarie. La valutazione della performance dei servizi sociosanitari risulta però molto complessa perché comprende non solo variabili sanitarie, facilmente misurabili, ma anche variabili sociali legate agli assistiti che risultano di più difficile valutazione e risulta inoltre necessario tener conto delle complessità individuali relative alla porzione di popolazione che accede maggiormente ai servizi residenziali: persone anziane, per lo più di genere femminile, non autosufficienti, con elevate necessità sanitarie e spesso con problemi cognitivi. Sul fronte italiano, da alcuni anni, l’Osservatorio Settoriale delle RSA della LUIC-Università Cattaneo e il “Sistema di Valutazione delle Performance delle Residenze Sanitarie Assistenziali in Toscana”, realizzato dal Laboratorio Management e Sanità (MeS) della Scuola Superiore Universitaria Sant’Anna di Pisa, si sono interessati alla valutazione della performance delle strutture residenziali per anziani e, annualmente, conducono studi atti alla raccolta di dati, attraverso l’uso di strumenti propri della valutazione di aziende sanitarie e indicatori di performance, al fine di elaborare stime utili al miglioramento delle stesse residenze.
La valutazione della performance di strutture di cura extraospedaliera per anziani
SCARPELLI, FRANCESCA
2018/2019
Abstract
Over the past fifty years, the world's population has experienced a gradual change caused by a percentage decrease in the young component in favour of the elderly and this phenomenon is a consequence of the sharp decrease in the world's total fertility rate, which represents the number of children per woman, as well as the increase in life expectancy that represents the health of a given population. It is also estimated that, thanks to this ageing process, the world's population by 2050 it will be 30% higher than the current one, so it will be made up of 9.6 billion people and 15% of them will be over the age of 65. With regard to Italy, it is assumed that in 2050 the percentage of the elderly, equal to 25% of the total population in 2015, will be about 34% and that the elderly over the age of 85 will be 7.8%. However, this increase in the population leads to a decline in physical and mental capacity due to chronic and/or degenerative diseases with relative and frequent appeals to hospital facilities; these changes in the health of older people can also lead to their disability or non-self-sufficiency thus necessitating diversified care interventions to maintain an acceptable level of quality of their life. The most disabling diseases in this sense are degenerative diseases that affect the cognitive functions and/or motor functions of the affected person and which bring with them a greater need for care but not always the family members manage to take charge of the needs of the elderly and therefore need an adequate residential or semi-residential structure or home care services or a family carer who takes care of his loved one throughout the course of his debilitating disease. The "elderly of the future" therefore turn out to be mostly healthy people who, as they get older, will face one or more chronic diseases that will affect their autonomy, their families and health systems. If you are able to assist them at home in Italy, you can consider several options such as the care of a family carer or caregiver, the Home Care Service (SAD) and the Integrated Home Care Service (ADI) while, in case the elderly need ongoing specialist care, the best choice is a residential care facility, identifying, the most suitable depending on the care you need. It is therefore clear that people who are not self-sufficient need assistance and support in order to achieve a good quality of life as well as for the performance of daily activities because they can no longer cope with them independently. The "homeness" therefore allows the elderly person to live and be cared for in their own home while the "residential" includes all those facilities that can accommodate the elderly and offer them continuous health care effective but, currently, it is still little used compared to the domicile. In recent years, therefore, many models have been developed for the evaluation of health systems and related sizes, which are currently also used for estimating and quantifying the performance of residential structures, but not all of the Italian regions have espoused this project. The aim is therefore to assess the performance of the residences for the elderly and the quality of the staff working in them through the models available and used for hospital facilities and healthcare companies. However, the assessment of the performance of health services is very complex because it includes not only health variables, easily measurable, but also social variables linked to the assisted that are more difficult to assess and are found to be It is also necessary to take into account the individual complexities of the portion of the population that has the greatest access to residential services: older people, mostly female, not self-sufficient, with high health needs and often with cognitive problems. In Italy, for some years, the RSA Sector Observatory of THE LUIC-University Cattaneo and the "Performance Assessment System of Care Residences in Tuscany", carried out by the Laboratory Management and Health (MeS) of the St Anne's High School in Pisa, have been interested in assessing the performance of residential facilities for the elderly and, annually, conduct studies dedicated to the collection of data, through the use of tools proper to the evaluation of health companies and performance indicators, in order to make estimates useful for the improvement of the same residences.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165317