My thesis work aims to design an eco-museum on Isola Superiore, also called Isola dei Pescatori for the historical work of its inhabitants, which is part of the archipelago of the Borromean Islands, located in the middle of Lake Maggiore. With its 100 meters wide by 350 meters long and its fish shape, the poorest Isola dei Pescatori, despite being the smallest of the Borromean Islands, is the only one to be permanently inhabited during all months of the year, today only by about thirty people, drastically reduced compared to the hundred of the middle of the last century. The ancient fishing village, famous for its picturesque atmosphere, still retains fragments of the insubric flora, and is characterized by a rich variety of fish and wild fauna. The idea of the Eco-museum was born first of all in response to a territorial need, but subsequently found its path of development and concretization thanks to a project in the context of the “Beni Aperti” call approved by Fondazione Cariplo through which, itself, supports the restoration of historical and architectural assets and the establishment of new activities and services within them. The goal is to promote redevelopment and enhancement of the island’s cultural heritage in the awareness of their importance for the social and economic-tourist development of the area. The purpose of the ecomuseums is precisely the conservation, restoration and enhancement of traditional living environments, naturalistic and historical-artistic heritage, through the preparation of routes in the area, in addition to the promotion of educational and research activities through direct involvement of the population, associations and cultural institutions. The Ecomuseum is a tool for the development of the territory, capable of integrating with local activities, also enhancing the ethnographic-cultural heritage of the people who reside in the area in a tourist key. It is a tool for cataloging the works of nature and man, in order to safeguard them, enhance them and make them usable with itineraries that can intertwine. Using the Ecomuseum tool, the entire territory becomes a museum, for residents and tourists. The paths of the Ecomuseum are like arteries that distribute common blood to individual parts of the territory and to all its communities, so that the territory - maintaining and enhancing its “genius loci” - acquires identity and visibility for residents and for future development tourist. Ecomuseums, in particular, want to detach themselves from a purely material concept of culture in order to involve the entire cultural sphere instead, making sure that the enhancement of the past does not remain an end in itself but goes to positively influence the present and future. All through the key role of the local community, at the same time both promoter and user, of the activities of the eco-museum. I decided to divide my work into three parts. In the first part, I carried out an analysis of the environmental, territorial and social context that characterized Lake Maggiore and more specifically the Isola dei Pescatori in the past, then dealing with the economic and social developments and changes that have followed one another to date. In the second part I concentrated on the study of eco-museums from a theoretical point of view, first of all by addressing the historical context in which the idea of eco-museum was born and developed, and then the characteristics that, according to the literature on the matter, differentiate an eco-museum from traditional museums. After analyzing the theoretical part, I then moved on to developing my specific project idea for the birth of the Ecomuseum on the Fishermen’s Island. With my project I have tried to pursue a series of objectives including that of reconnecting the community to its own territory by making a greater sense of identity and belonging resurface and to enhance the peculiar places of the Island in a set of spaces strongly connected to each other, both for the short travel times and for the functional and sense complementarity. The point in favor of the project is certainly the context in which the ecomuseum wants to fit into a human-scale local reality, in a highly vernacular and natural environment, full of landscape views. It is then precisely the themes of sustainable tourism and ichthyic activity that are the fulcrum of this eco-museum. Ecomuseum that wants to be multifaceted, to become a narrative voice of past traditions with an eye to the future. The project tries to concretely configure, within the island space, the cultural immateriality typical of eco-museums. More specifically, the project has in fact provided (I) the creation of a coordinated image that can be provided to all elements of the eco-museum; (II) the attempt to transform the entire public space of the island into an eco-museum dedicated to the community by creating a unique and continuous itinerary through the addition of descriptive panels and the restoration of those paths neglected and deteriorated by the passage of time; (III) the desire to provide the island with a place where to collect the memory of the community’s historical, environmental and cultural heritage that risks being forgotten today, in an attempt to save the roots of this community by recovering its material and immaterial culture, restoring it as systematic and shared baggage; (IV) finally, trying to integrate the island’s cultural heritage by merging the past with the future through culture, history, territory, and above all through the use of technology.
Il mio lavoro di tesi si propone di progettare un ecomuseo sull’Isola Superiore, detta anche Isola dei Pescatori dalla storica attività lavorativa dei suoi abitanti, che fa parte dell’arcipelago delle Isole Borromee, situato nel medio Lago Maggiore. Con i suoi 100 metri di larghezza per 350 di lunghezza e la sua forma di pesce, la più povera Isola dei Pescatori, nonostante sia la più piccola delle Isole Borromee, è l’unica ad essere abitata stabilmente durante tutti i mesi dell’anno, oggi solo da una trentina di persone, drasticamente ridotte rispetto al centinaio di metà del secolo scorso. L’antico borgo dei pescatori, celebre per la sua atmosfera pittoresca, mantiene ancora frammenti della flora insubrica, ed è caratterizzata da una ricca varietà di fauna ittica e selvatica. L’idea dell’Ecomuseo nasce prima di tutto in risposta ad un’esigenza territoriale, ma ha trovato, in seguito, il suo percorso di sviluppo e concretizzazione grazie ad un progetto nell’ambito del bando “Beni Aperti” approvato dalla Fondazione Cariplo attraverso la quale, la stessa, sostiene interventi di restauro di beni di interesse storico-architettonico e l’insediamento all’interno di essi di nuove attività e servizi. L’obiettivo è quello di promuovere interventi di riqualificazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale dell’Isola nella consapevolezza della loro importanza per lo sviluppo sociale ed economico-turistico del territorio. Scopo degli ecomusei è proprio la conservazione, il restauro e la valorizzazione di ambienti di vita tradizionali, del patrimonio naturalistico e di quello storico-artistico, attraverso la predisposizione di percorsi sul territorio, oltre alla promozione di attività didattiche e di ricerca tramite il coinvolgimento diretto della popolazione, delle associazioni e delle istituzioni culturali. L’Ecomuseo è uno strumento di sviluppo del territorio, capace di integrarsi con le attività locali, valorizzando anche in chiave turistica il patrimonio etnografico-culturale della Gente che risiede sul territorio. E’ uno strumento di catalogazione delle opere della natura e dell’uomo, in modo da salvaguardarle, valorizzarle e renderle fruibili con itinerari che possono intrecciarsi. Mediante lo strumento dell’Ecomuseo, l’intero territorio diventa museo, per i residenti e per i turisti. I percorsi dell’Ecomuseo sono come arterie che distribuiscono sangue comune alle singole parti del territorio e a tutte le sue comunità, così che il territorio - mantenendo e valorizzando il suo “genius loci” - acquista identità e visibilità per i residenti e per un futuro sviluppo turistico. Gli ecomusei, in particolare, vogliono staccarsi da una concezione di cultura prettamente materiale per andare a coinvolgere, invece, l’intera sfera culturale, facendo in modo che la valorizzazione del passato non rimanga fine a se stessa ma vada a influenzare positivamente presente e futuro. Il tutto attraverso il ruolo chiave della comunità locale, allo stesso tempo sia promotrice che fruitrice, delle attività dell’ecomuseo. Ho deciso di suddividere il mio lavoro in tre parti. Nella prima parte ho effettuato un’analisi del contesto ambientale, territoriale e sociale che ha caratterizzato il Lago Maggiore e più specificatamente l’Isola dei Pescatori nel passato, affrontando poi gli sviluppi ed i cambiamenti economici e sociali che si sono susseguiti fino ad oggi. Nella seconda parte mi sono concentrato sullo studio degli ecomusei dal punto di vista teorico, affrontando anzitutto il contesto storico in cui nasce e si sviluppa l’idea di ecomuseo, e poi le caratteristiche che, secondo la letteratura in materia, differenziano un ecomuseo dai musei tradizionali. Analizzata la parte teorica sono poi passato allo sviluppo della mia specifica idea di progetto per la nascita dell’Ecomuseo sull’Isola dei Pescatori. Con il mio progetto ho cercato di perseguire una serie di obiettivi tra cui quello di riconnettere la comunità al proprio territorio facendone riaffiorare un maggiore senso di identità e di appartenenza e di valorizzare i luoghi peculiari dell’Isola in un insieme di spazi fortemente connessi fra loro, sia per la brevità dei tempi di percorrenza, che per la complementarietà funzionale e di senso. Punto a favore del progetto è sicuramente il contesto in cui l’ecomuseo vuole inserirsi, all’interno di una realtá locale a misura d’uomo, in un ambiente fortemente vernacolare e naturale, ricco di scorci paesaggistici. Sono allora proprio i temi del turismo sostenibile e dell’attività ittica ad essere il fulcro di questo ecomuseo. Ecomuseo che vuole essere poliedrico, farsi voce narrante di tradizioni passate con lo sguardo rivolto al futuro. Il progetto tenta di configurare concretamente, all’interno dello spazio isola, l’immaterialità culturale tipica degli ecomusei. Più nello specifico, il progetto ha previsto infatti (I) l’ideazione di un’immagine coordinata da poter fornire a tutti gli elementi dell’ecomuseo; (II) il tentativo di trasformare l’intero spazio pubblico dell’Isola in un ecomuseo dedicato alla collettività creando un itinerario unico e continuo attraverso l’aggiunta di pannelli descrittivi e con il ripristino di quei percorsi trascurati e deteriorati dallo scorrere del tempo; (III) la volontà di dotare l’isola di un luogo dove raccogliere la memoria del patrimonio storico ambientale e culturale della comunità che rischia di essere oggi dimenticato, nel tentativo di salvare le radici di questa comunità recuperandone la cultura materiale ed immateriale, restituendola come bagaglio sistematizzato e condiviso; (IV) provando, infine, ad integrare il patrimonio culturale dell’Isola mediante la fusione del passato con il futuro attraverso cultura, storia, territorio, e soprattutto attraverso l’utilizzo della tecnologia.
Progetto di un ecomuseo : il caso dell'Isola dei Pescatori. Project of an ecomuseum : the case of the Isola dei Pescatori
ALBENSI, GIACOMO
2019/2020
Abstract
My thesis work aims to design an eco-museum on Isola Superiore, also called Isola dei Pescatori for the historical work of its inhabitants, which is part of the archipelago of the Borromean Islands, located in the middle of Lake Maggiore. With its 100 meters wide by 350 meters long and its fish shape, the poorest Isola dei Pescatori, despite being the smallest of the Borromean Islands, is the only one to be permanently inhabited during all months of the year, today only by about thirty people, drastically reduced compared to the hundred of the middle of the last century. The ancient fishing village, famous for its picturesque atmosphere, still retains fragments of the insubric flora, and is characterized by a rich variety of fish and wild fauna. The idea of the Eco-museum was born first of all in response to a territorial need, but subsequently found its path of development and concretization thanks to a project in the context of the “Beni Aperti” call approved by Fondazione Cariplo through which, itself, supports the restoration of historical and architectural assets and the establishment of new activities and services within them. The goal is to promote redevelopment and enhancement of the island’s cultural heritage in the awareness of their importance for the social and economic-tourist development of the area. The purpose of the ecomuseums is precisely the conservation, restoration and enhancement of traditional living environments, naturalistic and historical-artistic heritage, through the preparation of routes in the area, in addition to the promotion of educational and research activities through direct involvement of the population, associations and cultural institutions. The Ecomuseum is a tool for the development of the territory, capable of integrating with local activities, also enhancing the ethnographic-cultural heritage of the people who reside in the area in a tourist key. It is a tool for cataloging the works of nature and man, in order to safeguard them, enhance them and make them usable with itineraries that can intertwine. Using the Ecomuseum tool, the entire territory becomes a museum, for residents and tourists. The paths of the Ecomuseum are like arteries that distribute common blood to individual parts of the territory and to all its communities, so that the territory - maintaining and enhancing its “genius loci” - acquires identity and visibility for residents and for future development tourist. Ecomuseums, in particular, want to detach themselves from a purely material concept of culture in order to involve the entire cultural sphere instead, making sure that the enhancement of the past does not remain an end in itself but goes to positively influence the present and future. All through the key role of the local community, at the same time both promoter and user, of the activities of the eco-museum. I decided to divide my work into three parts. In the first part, I carried out an analysis of the environmental, territorial and social context that characterized Lake Maggiore and more specifically the Isola dei Pescatori in the past, then dealing with the economic and social developments and changes that have followed one another to date. In the second part I concentrated on the study of eco-museums from a theoretical point of view, first of all by addressing the historical context in which the idea of eco-museum was born and developed, and then the characteristics that, according to the literature on the matter, differentiate an eco-museum from traditional museums. After analyzing the theoretical part, I then moved on to developing my specific project idea for the birth of the Ecomuseum on the Fishermen’s Island. With my project I have tried to pursue a series of objectives including that of reconnecting the community to its own territory by making a greater sense of identity and belonging resurface and to enhance the peculiar places of the Island in a set of spaces strongly connected to each other, both for the short travel times and for the functional and sense complementarity. The point in favor of the project is certainly the context in which the ecomuseum wants to fit into a human-scale local reality, in a highly vernacular and natural environment, full of landscape views. It is then precisely the themes of sustainable tourism and ichthyic activity that are the fulcrum of this eco-museum. Ecomuseum that wants to be multifaceted, to become a narrative voice of past traditions with an eye to the future. The project tries to concretely configure, within the island space, the cultural immateriality typical of eco-museums. More specifically, the project has in fact provided (I) the creation of a coordinated image that can be provided to all elements of the eco-museum; (II) the attempt to transform the entire public space of the island into an eco-museum dedicated to the community by creating a unique and continuous itinerary through the addition of descriptive panels and the restoration of those paths neglected and deteriorated by the passage of time; (III) the desire to provide the island with a place where to collect the memory of the community’s historical, environmental and cultural heritage that risks being forgotten today, in an attempt to save the roots of this community by recovering its material and immaterial culture, restoring it as systematic and shared baggage; (IV) finally, trying to integrate the island’s cultural heritage by merging the past with the future through culture, history, territory, and above all through the use of technology.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165391