Preterm infants are more prone to lung damages because of their uncompleted lungs development and often require respiratory support. The choice of the best ventilation strategy is difficult due to the heterogeneity of patients conditions and to the limited physiological information that can be monitored non-invasively. Moreover, some of the parameters provided by mechanical ventilators are prone to errors because of the unavoidable leaks at the interface with the patients. Therefore alternative technologies able to provide indirect measurement of breathing by capturing chest wall respiratory movements may be helpful. This is a pivotal study to validate the usability of a novel low-cost miniaturised depth camera (a device able to calculate the depth using stereo vision implementation and an infrared sensor) and to evaluate the additional information that this system can provide. We developed an acquisition software to provide synchronous data streams from the camera and data from the mechanical ventilator in patients during ventilatory support delivered neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) ventilation mode. We also developed an experimental setup and data processing algorithms to elaborate depth data able to track the movements of the rib cage and abdomen marker less. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, two preterm infants with clinically different situations were studied in collaboration with the Uppsala University Hospital. The results show a good approval both from hospital staff and parents. The analysis of the breathing pattern parameters of the two subjects and their evolution during time support future studies to evaluate the usefulness of the depth camera data. In particular, information related to ribcage and abdomen displacement and the identification of asynchronous breaths may be helpful to quantify breathing efforts and fatigue. Furthermore, chest wall displacement monitored by the camera may provide more accurate information with respect to the ones measured by the ventilator, especially during the transitions between different ventilator support strategies.
Per via del loro incompleto sviluppo polmonare, i neonati pretermine spesso necessitano di un supporto respiratorio, ma l’eterogeneità delle loro condizioni e la mancanza di informazioni fisiologiche rendono difficile la scelta della migliore strategia di ventilazione. Inoltre, alcuni dei parametri misurati dal ventilatore risultano inaccurati per via delle inevitabili perdite all’interfaccia con il paziente. Alcune nuove tecnologie in grado di misurare indirettamente il movimento respiratorio della parete toracica potrebbero quindi fornire informazioni utili; le telecamere di profondità sono dispositivi che sfruttano una stero camera e un sensore a infrarossi per calcolare la distanza da una superficie. Rispetto alla pletismografia optoelettronica, questi dispositivi non hanno bisogno di un sistema fisso, possono essere facilmente sterilizzati e le dimensioni ridotte ne rendono possibile l’inserimento nell’incubatrice. Inoltre, l’assenza di marker rende la misura totalmente non invasiva. Si è sviluppato un software per l’acquisizione sincrona dei dati dalla telecamera e dal ventilatore utilizzato per supportare i pazienti in modalità NAVA. Per monitorare la variazione del reale punto anatomico su torace e addome senza marker è stato necessario implementare un metodo innovativo, prima testato in vitro e successivamente su dati acquisiti da due pazienti durante uno studio clinico presso l’ospedale di Uppsala. Il set-up è stato ben accettato da parte dello staff medico e dei genitori e i risultati delle misure effettuate sui due soggetti presuppongono l’utilizzo della telecamera come strumento aggiuntivo di supporto alla diagnosi. La possibilità di analisi separata del movimento di addome e torace ha permesso l’identificazione di respiri asincroni, utile per quantificare lo sforzo respiratorio del paziente. Inoltre, la variazione misurata dalla telecamera a livello dello spostamento della parete toracica sembra avere un significato fisiologico più accurato rispetto a quello misurato dal ventilatore, specialmente durante il supporto in modalità non invasiva, in cui il la percentuale di perdite risulta inevitabilmente più elevata.
A new approach for the non-invasive evaluation of breathing over time in preterm new-borns receiving neurally adjust ventilatory assist
MALERBA, GIORGIA;MARTANO, ELEONORA
2018/2019
Abstract
Preterm infants are more prone to lung damages because of their uncompleted lungs development and often require respiratory support. The choice of the best ventilation strategy is difficult due to the heterogeneity of patients conditions and to the limited physiological information that can be monitored non-invasively. Moreover, some of the parameters provided by mechanical ventilators are prone to errors because of the unavoidable leaks at the interface with the patients. Therefore alternative technologies able to provide indirect measurement of breathing by capturing chest wall respiratory movements may be helpful. This is a pivotal study to validate the usability of a novel low-cost miniaturised depth camera (a device able to calculate the depth using stereo vision implementation and an infrared sensor) and to evaluate the additional information that this system can provide. We developed an acquisition software to provide synchronous data streams from the camera and data from the mechanical ventilator in patients during ventilatory support delivered neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) ventilation mode. We also developed an experimental setup and data processing algorithms to elaborate depth data able to track the movements of the rib cage and abdomen marker less. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, two preterm infants with clinically different situations were studied in collaboration with the Uppsala University Hospital. The results show a good approval both from hospital staff and parents. The analysis of the breathing pattern parameters of the two subjects and their evolution during time support future studies to evaluate the usefulness of the depth camera data. In particular, information related to ribcage and abdomen displacement and the identification of asynchronous breaths may be helpful to quantify breathing efforts and fatigue. Furthermore, chest wall displacement monitored by the camera may provide more accurate information with respect to the ones measured by the ventilator, especially during the transitions between different ventilator support strategies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165453