In wind engineering and structural engineering practice, the equivalent static wind loads or in short ESWLs, are largely used as a tool to exchange information between parties and carry out the structural dimensioning. When the objective of the analysis involves the study of large structures or complex geometries, empirical and standardized procedures for the ESWL evaluation are no longer applicable: in such cases, then, it is necessary to study the actual wind-structure interaction by means of experimental tests in wind tunnel facilities on accurate scaled models. The measurements obtained in this way are usually represented by time histories, a type of data of difficult implementation and use in most common structural dimensioning commercial software. From this limitation arises the necessity to simplify the measurements obtained from complex and sophisticated analysis in the time domain to a limited number of equivalent loads able to recover the prominent aspect of the structural response. In the thesis here presented, this problem will be addressed implementing an approach based on the concept of the Principal Static Wind Loads, already established in literature, defining an approximated procedure able to, for a group of structural elements considered in the analysis and with the use of an optimization algorithm, to reconstruct the internal action envelope, while using a reduced number of load combinations. The main topic of the dissertation will be addressed to large roof structures, more precisely taking as a case study the experimentation of the Agia Sophia Stadium, also known as AEK Stadium from the same football club of Athens, carried out at Politecnico di Milano Wind Tunnel facility (GVPM) in 2018; the presented procedure will be analysed starting from the experimental set up of the structural model to a comparison of the obtained results with respect to traditional approaches used for the ESWLs evaluation. In the first part of the thesis, concerning the measurements treatment, the spatialaveraging of the pressure field will be addressed, introducing a method specifically developed to assess the correspondence of the results in the case study with the more traditional approaches well established in literature and professional practice, that is the moving average filter and the aerodynamic admittance.
Nella pratica dell’ingegneria del vento e dell’ingegneria strutturale, i carichi equivalenti all’azione del vento, o ESWL, sono largamente utilizzati come strumento per condividere informazioni tra le parti e per il dimensionamento strutturale. Quando sono in analisi strutture di grandi dimensioni o con geometrie particolari l’utilizzo di procedure empiriche e standardizzate per la valutazione degli ESWL non è più valido: in questi casi è allora richiesto lo studio dell’effettiva interazione vento-struttura tramite l’impiego di prove sperimentali in galleria del vento su fedeli modelli in scala. Le misure ottenute in tale contesto sono generalmente definite da storie temporali, quantità non di facile implementazione e uso nei più comuni programmi di calcolo commerciali. Sorge allora la necessità di semplificare le misure ottenute da più complesse e sofisticate analisi temporali in un limitato numero di carichi statici capaci di catturare gli aspetti salienti della risposta strutturale. Nella presente tesi questa problematica viene affrontata implementando un approccio basato sulla teoria dei Principal Static Wind Load, già presenti in letteratura, definendo una procedura approssimata capace, per un determinato gruppo di elementi selezionati e con l’uso di un algoritmo di ottimizzazione, di fornire una ricostruzione dell’inviluppo delle azioni interne, con un numero molto ridotto di combinazioni di carico. La trattazione verrà condotta con riferimento delle grandi coperture, nello specifico verrà preso come caso studio la sperimentazione dell’Agia Sofia Stadium, anche noto come AEK Stadium dal nome della squadra calcistica di Atene, condotta nella Galleria del Vento del Politecnico di Milano (GVPM) nel 2018, analizzando la procedura di calcolo dalla sperimentazione del modello fino al confronto con i risultati ottenuti coi metodi tradizionali per la valutazione degli ESWL. Nella prima parte della tesi, riguardo il trattamento dei dati, verrà fatto richiamo alla correlazione spaziale delle pressioni acquisite, introducendo un metodo sviluppato appositamente per verificare la corrispondenza dei risultati ottenuti nel caso studio con i più tradizionali approcci presenti in letteratura e riconosciuti in ambito professionale, del filtro a media mobile e dell’ammettenza aerodinamica.
Wind loadings on large roof structures : a modified principal static wind loads approach
FRONTINI, GIORGIO
2018/2019
Abstract
In wind engineering and structural engineering practice, the equivalent static wind loads or in short ESWLs, are largely used as a tool to exchange information between parties and carry out the structural dimensioning. When the objective of the analysis involves the study of large structures or complex geometries, empirical and standardized procedures for the ESWL evaluation are no longer applicable: in such cases, then, it is necessary to study the actual wind-structure interaction by means of experimental tests in wind tunnel facilities on accurate scaled models. The measurements obtained in this way are usually represented by time histories, a type of data of difficult implementation and use in most common structural dimensioning commercial software. From this limitation arises the necessity to simplify the measurements obtained from complex and sophisticated analysis in the time domain to a limited number of equivalent loads able to recover the prominent aspect of the structural response. In the thesis here presented, this problem will be addressed implementing an approach based on the concept of the Principal Static Wind Loads, already established in literature, defining an approximated procedure able to, for a group of structural elements considered in the analysis and with the use of an optimization algorithm, to reconstruct the internal action envelope, while using a reduced number of load combinations. The main topic of the dissertation will be addressed to large roof structures, more precisely taking as a case study the experimentation of the Agia Sophia Stadium, also known as AEK Stadium from the same football club of Athens, carried out at Politecnico di Milano Wind Tunnel facility (GVPM) in 2018; the presented procedure will be analysed starting from the experimental set up of the structural model to a comparison of the obtained results with respect to traditional approaches used for the ESWLs evaluation. In the first part of the thesis, concerning the measurements treatment, the spatialaveraging of the pressure field will be addressed, introducing a method specifically developed to assess the correspondence of the results in the case study with the more traditional approaches well established in literature and professional practice, that is the moving average filter and the aerodynamic admittance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165463