The research aims at investigating the application of the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology to analyze medication error issues in the healthcare setting and tests the efficacy of LSS to enhance patient safety. The literature provides multiple evidence of successful applications of LSS methodology in the healthcare setting. Nonetheless there is also a gap in application of the methodology for structured analysis and categorisation of the causes behind medication errors and how such causes are influenced by the human factors in the healthcare setting. There is also limited evidence of using LSS to understand the gaps at the interfaces between different professional hierarchy that impact on the outcomes of various activities carried out along the medication process. This project adopts a case study research approach to deploy the LSS methodology within a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a hospital located in the UK to identify the root causes of medication errors. In doing so, LSS principles, tools and techniques learned from a systematic literature review were applied. The research embraces the sensemaking perspective as a theoretical lens to answer the three research questions of the study. The secondary research contributed to expanding the existing theoretical body of knowledge on the application of the LSS in the healthcare sector. The project is developed following the DMAIC Six Sigma architecture and adopts a mixed method approach to data collection and analysis: analysis of historical data on medication errors provided by the hospital department, on-filed observations accompanied by quick clarifying questions addressed to the personnel, a survey questionnaire, structured and unstructured interviews. The are several theoretical contributions and managerial implications as an outcome. The originality of this project consists in highlighting the criticality of the interfaces and particularly the one between the prescribing and administration stage, the incidence of the human factor as main root cause and discriminant variable in evaluating counteractions, and the ability of LSS to propose suitable solutions for a specific healthcare department. Moreover, this study presents an implementation guide to LSS application in a complex healthcare setting that requires co-ordination and collaboration between different professional hierarchy to get the quality right first time, i.e. no medication errors.
Questa ricerca ha lo scopo di studiare l'applicazione della metodologia Lean Six Sigma (LSS) per analizzare le problematiche relative agli errori terapeutici e testare l'efficacia del LSS per migliorare la sicurezza dei pazienti. La letteratura fornisce numerose applicazioni di successo del LSS in ambito sanitario, tuttavia, esistono anche alcuni limiti nell'applicazione della metodologia riguardo l'analisi strutturata e la categorizzazione delle cause alla base degli errori terapeutici, anche riguardo al modo in cui tali cause sono influenzate dai fattori umani nel contesto sanitario. Esistono poi pochi riferimenti circa l'utilizzo del LSS finalizzato alla comprensione delle interfacce tra le diverse professionalità sanitarie che incidono direttamente sull’efficacia del trattamento al paziente. Questo progetto adotta un approccio di ricerca di tipo “case study” e consiste nell'adozione della metodologia LSS all'interno di un'unità di terapia intensiva neonatale (NICU) di un ospedale situato nel Regno Unito, e si pone l’obiettivo identificare le cause retrostanti gli errori terapeutici. Nel fare ciò, vengono applicati i principi, gli strumenti e le tecniche appresi da una revisione sistematica della letteratura. La teoria manageriale del sensemaking è utilizzata come chiave teorica per rispondere alle tre domande di ricerca che questo studio si pone. La ricerca contribuisce all'ampliamento del corpus teorico esistente sull'applicazione del LSS nel settore sanitario. Il progetto è sviluppato secondo l'architettura DMAIC appartenente al Six Sigma. Inoltre viene adottato il seguente metodo misto per la raccolta e l'analisi dei dati: analisi di dati storici sugli errori terapeutici forniti dal dipartimento dell'ospedale, osservazioni accompagnate da domande di chiarimento rapido rivolte al personale, un questionario, interviste strutturate e non strutturate. Ne conseguono numerosi contributi teorici e implicazioni gestionali. L’originalità di questo progetto consiste nell’evidenziare la criticità delle interfacce e in particolare quella tra la fase di prescrizione e somministrazione, l'incidenza del fattore umano come causa principale e variabile discriminante nella valutazione delle contromisure e la capacità del LSS di proporre soluzioni adeguate a uno specifico reparto sanitario. Inoltre, questo studio presenta una guida all'implementazione dell'applicazione LSS in un contesto sanitario complesso che richiede il coordinamento e la collaborazione tra diverse gerarchie professionali al fine di migliorare la qualità del trattamento, ovvero ridurre gli errori terapeutici.
Lean Six Sigma application to address medication errors issues in the healthcare sector
DOSI, MATTEO;FOSSON, GIOVANNI
2019/2020
Abstract
The research aims at investigating the application of the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology to analyze medication error issues in the healthcare setting and tests the efficacy of LSS to enhance patient safety. The literature provides multiple evidence of successful applications of LSS methodology in the healthcare setting. Nonetheless there is also a gap in application of the methodology for structured analysis and categorisation of the causes behind medication errors and how such causes are influenced by the human factors in the healthcare setting. There is also limited evidence of using LSS to understand the gaps at the interfaces between different professional hierarchy that impact on the outcomes of various activities carried out along the medication process. This project adopts a case study research approach to deploy the LSS methodology within a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a hospital located in the UK to identify the root causes of medication errors. In doing so, LSS principles, tools and techniques learned from a systematic literature review were applied. The research embraces the sensemaking perspective as a theoretical lens to answer the three research questions of the study. The secondary research contributed to expanding the existing theoretical body of knowledge on the application of the LSS in the healthcare sector. The project is developed following the DMAIC Six Sigma architecture and adopts a mixed method approach to data collection and analysis: analysis of historical data on medication errors provided by the hospital department, on-filed observations accompanied by quick clarifying questions addressed to the personnel, a survey questionnaire, structured and unstructured interviews. The are several theoretical contributions and managerial implications as an outcome. The originality of this project consists in highlighting the criticality of the interfaces and particularly the one between the prescribing and administration stage, the incidence of the human factor as main root cause and discriminant variable in evaluating counteractions, and the ability of LSS to propose suitable solutions for a specific healthcare department. Moreover, this study presents an implementation guide to LSS application in a complex healthcare setting that requires co-ordination and collaboration between different professional hierarchy to get the quality right first time, i.e. no medication errors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165479