This work can be placed in the field of brain tumors. Among these, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive and represents a considerable challenge for oncological patients. In order to improve the clinical results obtained with classic treatments (e.g. chemotherapy), the convenction-enhanced delivery (CED) technique seems to be very promising. This technique involves the infusion of the drug directly into the brain parenchyma. To increase the effectiveness of this technique, models that predict the behaviour of the drug once infused are necessary. These models are based on parameters that are still little defined in the literature, above all the hydraulic permeability. The aim of this work is the development of a device to carry out brain permeability measurements. The utmost attention has been paid to avoid the leakage of the fluid to the sides of the sample. This aspect is seldom considered in literature. An empirical approach has been applied to improve the device, from the first prototypes to the final version, which foresees the realization of a disposable cartridge achieved by the tissue embedding in paraffin. The protocol followed to obtain the cartridge allows to take into consideration the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the tissue examined. The test carried out have proved the validity of the device designed. Finally, permeability tests have been performed with this device, using a pump-based method, in compliance with the CED general context for the flow rate and pressure used. From these tests it was not possible to evaluate permeability values because of the complex behaviour of the tissue during the experiments. This issue could be addressed in future works by developing a numerical models and by improving the design of the device.
Questo lavoro si colloca nell’ambito dei tumori cerebrali. Tra questi, il glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) è il più invasivo e rappresenta una notevole sfida nel campo dei pazienti oncologici. Al fine di migliore i risultati clinici finora ottenuti con i trattamenti classici (e.g. chemioterapia), la tecnica di convection-enhanced delivery (CED) sembra essere molto promettente. Tale tecnica prevede l’infusione del farmaco direttamente nel parenchima cerebrale. Per aumentare l’efficacia di questa tecnica, modelli predittivi che suggeriscono il comportamento del farmaco una volta infuso sono necessari. Tali modelli si basano su parametri ancora poco definiti in letteratura, su tutti la permeabilità idraulica. Obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato lo sviluppo di un dispositivo per condurre misure di permeabilità su tessuto cerebrale. Massima attenzione è stata posta ad evitare il leakage del fluido ai lati del campione, aspetto che trova poca rilevanza in letteratura. Un approccio empirico è stato applicato per migliorare il dispositivo, dai primi prototipi fino alla versione finale, che prevede la realizzazione di una cartuccia monouso ottenuta tramite embedding del tessuto in paraffina. Il protocollo realizzato per l’ottenimento della cartuccia permette di tenere in considerazione l’eterogeneità e l’anisotropia del tessuto in esame. I test condotti hanno dimostrato la validità del dispositivo realizzato. Infine, con questo dispositivo sono stati condotti test di permeabilità, adoperando un metodo pump-based, attenendosi al contesto generale della CED per i valori di portata e pressione utilizzati. Da tali test non è stato possibile ricavare un valore di permeabilità per via del complesso comportamento del tessuto cerebrale nelle condizioni sperimentali applicate. Questo aspetto potrebbe essere risolto in futuro con l’utilizzo di modelli computazionali e attraverso lo sviluppo del dispositivo.
Development of a device for brain permeability measurements with a novel embedding technique
PIARDI, GIOVANNI
2018/2019
Abstract
This work can be placed in the field of brain tumors. Among these, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive and represents a considerable challenge for oncological patients. In order to improve the clinical results obtained with classic treatments (e.g. chemotherapy), the convenction-enhanced delivery (CED) technique seems to be very promising. This technique involves the infusion of the drug directly into the brain parenchyma. To increase the effectiveness of this technique, models that predict the behaviour of the drug once infused are necessary. These models are based on parameters that are still little defined in the literature, above all the hydraulic permeability. The aim of this work is the development of a device to carry out brain permeability measurements. The utmost attention has been paid to avoid the leakage of the fluid to the sides of the sample. This aspect is seldom considered in literature. An empirical approach has been applied to improve the device, from the first prototypes to the final version, which foresees the realization of a disposable cartridge achieved by the tissue embedding in paraffin. The protocol followed to obtain the cartridge allows to take into consideration the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the tissue examined. The test carried out have proved the validity of the device designed. Finally, permeability tests have been performed with this device, using a pump-based method, in compliance with the CED general context for the flow rate and pressure used. From these tests it was not possible to evaluate permeability values because of the complex behaviour of the tissue during the experiments. This issue could be addressed in future works by developing a numerical models and by improving the design of the device.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/165484