The changing economic environment of declining natural rate of interest, short-term nominal interest rates constrained at the zero lower bound (ZLB) and the recent economic crisis caused by the outbreak of Covid-19 have revitalized the discussion on the ability of inflation targeting (IT) regimes to guarantee long-term price stability. In this more-than- ever dynamic context, a renewed interest in makeup strategies has risen, these being monetary frameworks able to escape the ZLB threat and boost current and future economic performances. The purpose of this thesis is to thoroughly analyze the positive impacts of makeup strategies, with a focus on the well-known price level targeting (PLT), in overcoming the constraints faced by many countries worldwide. In order to provide a broader analysis, the key aspects and the practical applications of inflation targeting and price level targeting are first introduced; then, a qualitative comparison highlighting similarities, differences, pros and cons of both approaches is presented. Further to this initial part, a comprehensive presentation of makeup strategies’ variants, including the average inflation targeting (AIT) publicly adopted by the Fed on 27th of August 2020 is presented. The paper continues with a focus on market expectations and central bank’s credibility: two themes of vital importance for monetary policy regimes. In the last sections of this thesis, PLT and IT performances are compared simulating their reaction to five economy shocks by using a model reflecting Euro Area conditions. The main finding is that regardless of the shock hitting the status quo, PLT is superior to IT in controlling inflation volatility and in guaranteeing long-term price stability.
Il continuo declino del natural interest rate, tassi di interesse di breve periodo confinati allo zero lower bound (ZLB) e la recente crisi economica causata dalla diffusione del Covid-19 hanno revitalizzato le perplessità riguardo la capacità dell’inflation targeting (IT) di garantire la stabilità dei prezzi nel lungo periodo. In questo contesto sempre più dinamico, è sorto un rinnovato interesse nelle makeup strategies, essendo politiche monetarie in grado di sfuggire alla minaccia dello ZLB e di stimolare le performances attuali e future dell’economia. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di analizzare come i punti di forza di queste makeup strategies aiuterebbero a superare le difficoltà attualmente affrontate da molte nazioni; in questo studio, una particolare attenzione è rivolta al price level targeting (PLT). Al fine di presentare un’analisi significativa, vengono illustrati gli aspetti maggiormente rilevanti dell’inflation targeting e del price level targeting e le loro applicazioni storiche. Successivamente, un confronto qualitativo evidenzia i punti in comune, le differenze, vantaggi e svantaggi dei due approcci. A seguito di questa prima parte, si introducono le principali varianti delle makeup strategies, tra cui l’average inflation targeting (AIT) adottata pubblicamente dalla Fed il 27 agosto 2020. Lo studio prosegue scendendo nel dettaglio di temi particolarmente importanti per date politiche monetarie, come le aspettative degli agenti economici e la credibilità della banca centrale. Nella parte conclusiva della tesi, le performances di PLT e IT sono comparate simulando la loro reazione a cinque shocks economici, usando un modello che riflette le condizioni europee. Il risultato principale è che, indipendentemente dallo shock che altera l’equilibrio, il PLT risulta superiore all’IT nel contenere la volatilità dell’inflazione e nel garantire la stabilità dei prezzi nel lungo periodo.
Monetary policy at the zero lower bound : which role for price level targeting and other makeup strategies ?
De SANTIS, VALERIA;GIULIANI, PAOLO
2019/2020
Abstract
The changing economic environment of declining natural rate of interest, short-term nominal interest rates constrained at the zero lower bound (ZLB) and the recent economic crisis caused by the outbreak of Covid-19 have revitalized the discussion on the ability of inflation targeting (IT) regimes to guarantee long-term price stability. In this more-than- ever dynamic context, a renewed interest in makeup strategies has risen, these being monetary frameworks able to escape the ZLB threat and boost current and future economic performances. The purpose of this thesis is to thoroughly analyze the positive impacts of makeup strategies, with a focus on the well-known price level targeting (PLT), in overcoming the constraints faced by many countries worldwide. In order to provide a broader analysis, the key aspects and the practical applications of inflation targeting and price level targeting are first introduced; then, a qualitative comparison highlighting similarities, differences, pros and cons of both approaches is presented. Further to this initial part, a comprehensive presentation of makeup strategies’ variants, including the average inflation targeting (AIT) publicly adopted by the Fed on 27th of August 2020 is presented. The paper continues with a focus on market expectations and central bank’s credibility: two themes of vital importance for monetary policy regimes. In the last sections of this thesis, PLT and IT performances are compared simulating their reaction to five economy shocks by using a model reflecting Euro Area conditions. The main finding is that regardless of the shock hitting the status quo, PLT is superior to IT in controlling inflation volatility and in guaranteeing long-term price stability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/166305