Mobility in developing countries, such as African ones, is predominantly based on informal mobility systems because almost all households do not have a car and at the same time there are few reliable and affordable public transport systems. This problem is increasingly topical with population growth in urban areas that has led to an intensification of daily travel needs. The lack of adequate mobility systems has a negative impact on the economic development of African cities and the well-being of the rapidly growing urban population. This thesis is included in the Safari Njema project, winner of the href{https://www.som.polimi.it/polisocial-award-2018/}{Polisocial Award 2018}, whose main goal is to address these critical issues. The project aims to develop bottom-up and place-based solutions and alternatives to formal models for urban mobility planning through the analysis and production of new data, based on the information offered by mobile phone usage. In order to achieve these goals, an application of the model developed has been proposed in Maputo, Mozambique, which can then be replicated in other areas of the world. The purpose of this work is the development of urban mobility models covering the movements of individuals in Maputo in a period of five months. We have obtained these models starting from mobile phone Global Positioning System data, provided by Cuebiq. The innovations brought through this thesis work are the development of mathematical models for the creation and the analysis of geolocalized Origin-Destination matrices through the elaboration of GPS data of some individuals living in the area of study. The developed techniques have the aim to achieve information about the volume and the direction of mobility flows between areas, baseline of origin destination matrices. As a consequence, the solutions proposed lead to overcome the economic obstacles of the usually adopted strategy that includes the usage of expensive surveys, not adaptable to areas such as Africa. Origin destination matrices are computed on a daily and hourly levels, with a particular attention to rush hours in working days.
La mobilità nei Paesi in via di sviluppo, come quelli Africani, si basa principalmente su sistemi di mobilità informale. Questo fattore è il risultato principale del basso numero di famiglie che può permettersi un automobile e allo stesso tempo della bassa presenza di sistemi di trasporto pubblico affidabili ed economicamente sostenibili. Questo tema è sempre più attuale negli ultimi anni, in cui si sta registrando una crescita sempre maggiore della popolazione nelle aree urbane delle città, con il conseguente aumento della richiesta di spostamenti giornalieri. La mancanza di una sistema di mobilità adeguato alle richieste della popolazione ha un impatto negativo sia sugli sviluppi economici delle città sia sul benessere della popolazione urbana in rapida crescita. L'obbiettivo principale del progetto Safari Njema, vincitore programma di impegno e responsabilità sociale del Politecnico di Milano, Polisocial Award 2018, è la ricerca, a partire dall'utilizzo di dati provenienti dalla telefonia mobile, di soluzioni bottom-up e place-based replicabili e alternative ai modelli formali. Per poter analizzare i risultati ottenuti questo progetto ha basato la sua ricerca sull'area di Maputo, in Mozambico. Questo lavoro di tesi fa parte del progetto Safari Njema e il suo contributo al progetto consiste nello sviluppo di modelli matematici per la creazione di matrici origine destinazione. Abbiamo creato questi modelli a partire dall'elaborazione e il processamento di dati GPS registrati grazie all'utilizzo di telefoni cellulari. I dati analizzati in questo lavoro sono stati forniti da Cuebiq e consistono nelle registrazioni dei movimenti di una parte della popolazione residente a Maputo in un periodo di cinque mesi. Le soluzioni proposte permettono di superare gli ostacoli economici evidenziati dallo sviluppo delle matrici origine destinazione con le tradizionali tecniche. Le matrici ottenute sono state calcolate sia a livello giornaliero che a livello orario, permettendo lo studio dei flussi tra le diverse aree delle città in ogni giorno della settimana e ad ogni ora. Un'attenzione particolare è stata successivamente dedicata alle ore di punta nei giorni lavorativi.
Estimation and analysis of origin destination matrices from global positioning system data
AZZINI, IRENE
2019/2020
Abstract
Mobility in developing countries, such as African ones, is predominantly based on informal mobility systems because almost all households do not have a car and at the same time there are few reliable and affordable public transport systems. This problem is increasingly topical with population growth in urban areas that has led to an intensification of daily travel needs. The lack of adequate mobility systems has a negative impact on the economic development of African cities and the well-being of the rapidly growing urban population. This thesis is included in the Safari Njema project, winner of the href{https://www.som.polimi.it/polisocial-award-2018/}{Polisocial Award 2018}, whose main goal is to address these critical issues. The project aims to develop bottom-up and place-based solutions and alternatives to formal models for urban mobility planning through the analysis and production of new data, based on the information offered by mobile phone usage. In order to achieve these goals, an application of the model developed has been proposed in Maputo, Mozambique, which can then be replicated in other areas of the world. The purpose of this work is the development of urban mobility models covering the movements of individuals in Maputo in a period of five months. We have obtained these models starting from mobile phone Global Positioning System data, provided by Cuebiq. The innovations brought through this thesis work are the development of mathematical models for the creation and the analysis of geolocalized Origin-Destination matrices through the elaboration of GPS data of some individuals living in the area of study. The developed techniques have the aim to achieve information about the volume and the direction of mobility flows between areas, baseline of origin destination matrices. As a consequence, the solutions proposed lead to overcome the economic obstacles of the usually adopted strategy that includes the usage of expensive surveys, not adaptable to areas such as Africa. Origin destination matrices are computed on a daily and hourly levels, with a particular attention to rush hours in working days.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/166569