The aim of this research work was to synthesize a thermo-responsive hybrid nanocarrier (NC) suitable as drug delivery system in cancer therapy. Such NCs were realized by combining Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide (P(NIPAM)), with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs). Indeed, P(NIPAM) is characterized by a coil-to-globule phase transition which depends on a characteristic temperature called LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature). Thus, by changing the temperature P(NIPAM) chains grafted onto the outer MSNs surface are able to open and close the pores, thus regulating the drug uptake, retention and release: the polymer acts as a thermosensitive opening/closing gate, while the nanoparticles work as nanoreservoirs thanks to their large surface area and pore volume. This research involved the separated synthesis of P(NIPAM) and MSNs and it was followed by their combination to obtain nanoparticles with the polymer chains grafted on the external surface and pores entrance: this method is called “grafting to” approach, and it is based on an ester-amine coupling reaction between P(NIPAM) macromolecules (ester termination) and amino-functionalized MSNs. Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) samples were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, that allows to obtain polymers with a narrow distribution of the molecular weights. Then, the P(NIPAM) terminations were activated with N-Hydroxysuccinimide in order to form an ester termination that is able to undergo heterolytic bond cleavage, thus enabling the ester-amine coupling. Amino-functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles were synthesized via co-condensation, surfactant-templated method. Finally, NHS-activated P(NIPAM) samples were mixed with amino-functionalized MSNs samples to give the final MSN-P(NIPAM) hybrid nanocarriers. Then, their thermosensitive behaviour was investigated through DLS measurements performed in the temperature range from 27°C to 34°C. The results obtained are promising for further research works and encourage the development of more sophisticated smart nanodevices able to overcome the biological barriers that limit the drug targeting in the cancer treatment.
Lo scopo di questa ricerca è stato quello di sintetizzare un nanovettore ibrido termo-sensibile che fosse adatto come “drug delivery system” nel trattamento di tumori. Questi nanovettori sono stati realizzati combinando il Poli(N-Isopropilacrilammide) (P(NIPAM)) con Particelle di Silice Mesoporosa (MSN). Infatti il P(NIPAM) subisce una transizione di fase detta “coil-to-globule”, che dipende da una temperatura caratteristica chiamata LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature). Il polimero agisce da interruttore termosensibile chiudendo e aprendo i pori, mentre le nanoparticelle hanno la funzione di nanoserbatoi grazie alla loro elevata area superficiale e volume dei pori. Questo lavoro di ricerca ha coinvolto la sintesi separata del P(NIPAM) e delle MSN, per finire con la loro combinazione in modo tale da ottenere nanoparticelle con le catene polimeriche innestate sulla superficie esterna e all’entrata dei pori: questo metodo è detto “grafting to”, e prevede una reazione di accoppiamento estere-ammina tra le macromolecole del polimero (legame estere terminale) e particelle di silice ammino-funzionalizzate. I campioni di Poli(N-Isopropilacrilammide) sono stati sintetizzati tramite polimerizzazione radicale controllata, chiamata anche reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), che permette di ottenere polimeri monodispersi. In seguito, le terminazioni del P(NIPAM) sono state attivate con l’N-Idrossisuccinimide per formare gruppi esteri terminali. Le particelle di silice ammino-funzionalizzate sono state ottenute tramite un processo di co-condensazione intorno a un tensioattivo. Infine, i campioni di P(NIPAM) attivati sono stati combinati con i campioni di MSN ammino-funzionalizzate per ottenere i nanovettori ibridi MSN-P(NIPAM). Successivamente, il loro comportamento termosensibile è stato studiato attraverso misure DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) eseguite nell’intervallo di temperatura da 27 a 34°C. I risultati ottenuti sono promettenti per ulteriori lavori di ricerca in questo campo, e incoraggiano lo sviluppo di nanodispositivi intelligenti più sofisticati, in grado di superare le barriere biologiche che limitano il targeting dei farmaci nelle cure oncologiche.
Decoration of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with thermo-responsive polymers
Vecchio, Gabriele
2019/2020
Abstract
The aim of this research work was to synthesize a thermo-responsive hybrid nanocarrier (NC) suitable as drug delivery system in cancer therapy. Such NCs were realized by combining Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide (P(NIPAM)), with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs). Indeed, P(NIPAM) is characterized by a coil-to-globule phase transition which depends on a characteristic temperature called LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature). Thus, by changing the temperature P(NIPAM) chains grafted onto the outer MSNs surface are able to open and close the pores, thus regulating the drug uptake, retention and release: the polymer acts as a thermosensitive opening/closing gate, while the nanoparticles work as nanoreservoirs thanks to their large surface area and pore volume. This research involved the separated synthesis of P(NIPAM) and MSNs and it was followed by their combination to obtain nanoparticles with the polymer chains grafted on the external surface and pores entrance: this method is called “grafting to” approach, and it is based on an ester-amine coupling reaction between P(NIPAM) macromolecules (ester termination) and amino-functionalized MSNs. Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) samples were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, that allows to obtain polymers with a narrow distribution of the molecular weights. Then, the P(NIPAM) terminations were activated with N-Hydroxysuccinimide in order to form an ester termination that is able to undergo heterolytic bond cleavage, thus enabling the ester-amine coupling. Amino-functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles were synthesized via co-condensation, surfactant-templated method. Finally, NHS-activated P(NIPAM) samples were mixed with amino-functionalized MSNs samples to give the final MSN-P(NIPAM) hybrid nanocarriers. Then, their thermosensitive behaviour was investigated through DLS measurements performed in the temperature range from 27°C to 34°C. The results obtained are promising for further research works and encourage the development of more sophisticated smart nanodevices able to overcome the biological barriers that limit the drug targeting in the cancer treatment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/166750