Cataract removal surgery is, nowadays, the most widespread surgical intervention in Italy; with the development of new medical instruments and increasingly advanced techniques, the operation does not present any particular difficulty of execution, has a very short duration, does not require hospitalization (with the associated discomforts) and thus reduces the risks. Despite this, patients affected by problems during (or just after) the post-operative period are still too numerous compared to what would be logical to expect. It is well known that a good doctor-patient relationship is fundamental for the success of an intervention as a whole, but this aspect is not particularly developed with regard to cataract-like pathologies, for which, once the intervention has been carried out, the presence of professionals is very limited in the pre- and post-operative phase of drug administration. Controlling the timing and doses of the numerous drugs and respecting what can and cannot be done is, in fact, completely delegated to the patient. In addition, it is often not easy for patients undergoing surgery, given their advanced age, to remember all the prescriptions, also because they vary within the pre- and post-operative weeks and are staggered in the case of successive operations on both eyes. This all may create problems with the therapy, causing problems that would be easily avoidable but which the doctor cannot check or verify step by step. Through the collaboration with Studio Oculistico Vanetti (an important milanese clinic in the eye care sector) the idea was born to create a support device for both the patient and the clinician, which has the dual function of signaling/recording when to take the prescribed medication through an audio-visual signal and to put the user and the treating doctor in direct and continuous contact. The latter will thus be able to keep under control in real time the actual adherence to the therapeutic prescriptions, the patients' progress and thus have a clear and precise picture of the situation in case of any problems after the operation. Given today's widespread use of smartphones among users of all ages, the device in question consists of an application connected directly to an online database, running in real time and to which only the treating doctor has access; the application will take action and work throughout the pre- and post-operative period as soon as the patient simply logs in using a personal code. Considering the reference user base, the application has been designed and structured to be as user-friendly as possible: the user cannot, in fact, change the basic data or apply changes of any kind. It is an intuitive application in which direct interaction commands are the answers to the execution of therapeutic prescriptions and the possibility of communicating progresses to the doctor through simple buttons that must be pressed once the prescription reminder has been generated. At the same time, a specific application has been created for the clinician, who can enter patients, interventions, therapies and (in the future) monitor users easily and quickly. The objective of the project is to limit as much as possible the complications that may arise due to self-administration errors that occurred during the pre- or post-operative period, taking advantage of new technologies and giving a greater importance to the doctor-patient relationship, which is increasingly important both from a technical and psychological point of view for the success of an intervention. This application can be considered the first step towards a new way of direct doctor-user interaction during therapy, promising excellent results in the future both in terms of patient health and safety and for medical-technological innovation, also thanks to the data stored in the patient-clinical conection, which will then be analysed and used to improve the entire treatment precess.
La rimozione della cataratta risulta essere, ad oggi, l'intervento chirurgico più diffuso in Italia; con lo sviluppo delle nuove strumentazioni mediche e di tecniche sempre più avanzate, l'operazione non presenta particolari difficoltà di esecuzione, ha durata molto breve, non richiede ospedalizzazione (con i disagi connessi) riducendo così i rischi. Nonostante ciò, i pazienti affetti da problematiche incorse durante (o appena dopo) il periodo post-operatorio sono ancora troppo numerosi rispetto al dato che sarebbe logico aspettarsi. È noto che un buon rapporto medico-paziente sia fondamentale per il buon esito di un intervento nella sua globalità, ma questo aspetto non è particolarmente sviluppato per quanto riguarda patologie simili alla cataratta, per le quali, una volta effettuato l’intervento, la presenza dei professionisti è molto limitata nella fase di somministrazione di farmaci relativa al periodo pre e post-operatorio. Il controllo dei tempi e delle dosi di somministrazione dei numerosi farmaci e il rispetto di ciò che si può e non si può fare è, infatti, delegato completamente al paziente. Inoltre spesso per i pazienti sottoposti a intervento, considerata l'età avanzata, non risulta semplice ricordare tutte le prescrizioni anche perché esse variano all’interno delle settimane pre e post-intervento e sono sfalsate nel caso di intervento in successione su entrambi gli occhi. Il rispetto rigoroso della terapia ne risente, causando problematiche che sarebbero facilmente evitabili ma che il medico non può controllare né verificare passo dopo passo. Attraverso la collaborazione con lo Studio Oculistico Vanetti (una importante struttura clinica milanese nel settore oculistico) è nata l'idea di realizzare un dispositivo di supporto sia per il paziente che per il clinico, che presenti la duplice funzione di segnalare/registrare quando assumere le medicazioni prescritte tramite un segnale audio-visivo e di mettere in contatto diretto e continuo utente e medico curante. Quest'ultimo potrà così tenere sotto controllo in tempo reale l’effettiva aderenza alle prescrizioni terapeutiche, i progressi dei pazienti e avere un quadro chiaro e preciso della situazione in caso di eventuali problematiche postume all'operazione. Vista la vasta diffusione odierna di smartphone tra utenti di tutte le età, il dispositivo in questione consiste in una applicazione collegata direttamente ad un online database, funzionante in tempo reale e al quale solo il medico curante ha possibilità di accesso; l’applicazione entrerà in azione e agirà per tutto il periodo pre e post-operatorio non appena il paziente eseguirà un semplice login tramite codice personale. Considerato il bacino d'utenza di riferimento, la applicazione è stata progettata e strutturata in modo da essere il più user-friendly possibile: l’utente non può, infatti, cambiare i dati di base o applicare modifiche di qualsiasi tipo. Si tratta di una intuitiva applicazione nella quale i comandi di interazione diretta sono la risposta all’effettuazione delle prescrizioni terapeutiche e la possibilità di comunicare al medico i progressi in atto tramite semplici pulsanti che dovranno essere premuti una volta generato il reminder relativo alla prescrizione. Parallelamente è stata creata una applicazione specifica per il clinico, il quale potrà inserire pazienti, interventi, terapie e (in futuro) monitorare gli utenti in modo semplice e veloce. L'obiettivo del progetto è facilitare il rispetto delle prescrizioni terapeutiche pre e post intervento e limitare il più possibile le complicazioni che possono insorgere a causa di errori di auto-somministrazione avvenuti durante il periodo pre o post-operatorio, sfruttando le nuove tecnologie diffuse e dando un'importanza maggiore al rapporto medico-paziente, aspetto sempre più importante sia dal punto di vista tecnico che psicologico per la buona riuscita di un intervento. Questa applicazione può essere considerata il primo passo verso una nuova modalità di interazione diretta medico-utente durante la terapia, promettendo in futuro ottimi risultati sia per quanto riguarda la salute dei pazienti e la loro sicurezza che per l'innovazione medico-tecnologica, anche grazie ai dati memorizzati nel collegamento paziente-clinico, che saranno poi analizzati e utilizzati per il miglioramento dell’intero processo di cura.
Sviluppo di un sistema di supporto al clinico e al paziente nel periodo pre e post-operatorio dei casi di intervento di Cataratta
STEVANATO, GIACOMO;Marziali, Massimiliano
2019/2020
Abstract
Cataract removal surgery is, nowadays, the most widespread surgical intervention in Italy; with the development of new medical instruments and increasingly advanced techniques, the operation does not present any particular difficulty of execution, has a very short duration, does not require hospitalization (with the associated discomforts) and thus reduces the risks. Despite this, patients affected by problems during (or just after) the post-operative period are still too numerous compared to what would be logical to expect. It is well known that a good doctor-patient relationship is fundamental for the success of an intervention as a whole, but this aspect is not particularly developed with regard to cataract-like pathologies, for which, once the intervention has been carried out, the presence of professionals is very limited in the pre- and post-operative phase of drug administration. Controlling the timing and doses of the numerous drugs and respecting what can and cannot be done is, in fact, completely delegated to the patient. In addition, it is often not easy for patients undergoing surgery, given their advanced age, to remember all the prescriptions, also because they vary within the pre- and post-operative weeks and are staggered in the case of successive operations on both eyes. This all may create problems with the therapy, causing problems that would be easily avoidable but which the doctor cannot check or verify step by step. Through the collaboration with Studio Oculistico Vanetti (an important milanese clinic in the eye care sector) the idea was born to create a support device for both the patient and the clinician, which has the dual function of signaling/recording when to take the prescribed medication through an audio-visual signal and to put the user and the treating doctor in direct and continuous contact. The latter will thus be able to keep under control in real time the actual adherence to the therapeutic prescriptions, the patients' progress and thus have a clear and precise picture of the situation in case of any problems after the operation. Given today's widespread use of smartphones among users of all ages, the device in question consists of an application connected directly to an online database, running in real time and to which only the treating doctor has access; the application will take action and work throughout the pre- and post-operative period as soon as the patient simply logs in using a personal code. Considering the reference user base, the application has been designed and structured to be as user-friendly as possible: the user cannot, in fact, change the basic data or apply changes of any kind. It is an intuitive application in which direct interaction commands are the answers to the execution of therapeutic prescriptions and the possibility of communicating progresses to the doctor through simple buttons that must be pressed once the prescription reminder has been generated. At the same time, a specific application has been created for the clinician, who can enter patients, interventions, therapies and (in the future) monitor users easily and quickly. The objective of the project is to limit as much as possible the complications that may arise due to self-administration errors that occurred during the pre- or post-operative period, taking advantage of new technologies and giving a greater importance to the doctor-patient relationship, which is increasingly important both from a technical and psychological point of view for the success of an intervention. This application can be considered the first step towards a new way of direct doctor-user interaction during therapy, promising excellent results in the future both in terms of patient health and safety and for medical-technological innovation, also thanks to the data stored in the patient-clinical conection, which will then be analysed and used to improve the entire treatment precess.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/166786