Like no other media, cinema has the extraordinary ability to elicit emotions in viewers, who dive into the stories presented. The big screen is in fact capable of erasing the physical distance existing between viewers and narrative world, as if the stories they are watching concerned them personally, even letting them forget about their reality for some time. Since the early 20th century philosophers, filmmakers and intellectuals tried to understand how empathetic participation could work in movies, developing different theories and schools of thought. Recently, thanks also to new discoveries on how human mind works under different stimuli and on mirror neurons, it was possible to merge science and filmologia in what was called Neurofilmology. The feeling of diving into a story that movie viewers experience, can be explained in relation to cognitive science and physical unconscious stimuli derived from editing style, camera movements and directors’ techniques. In fact, thanks to trial & error, they found different methods to make their film more and more engaging, without forgetting about the importance of the viewers’ cultural and social background. This thesis target is to analyze how movie viewers react to cinematic stimuli keeping in mind scientific and philosophic theories and experiments made on audiences. Everything is put in relation to different cult movies, that by using different techniques were able to maximize the viewers’ engagement. This led to a mapping of ways in which the empathetic involvement can be studied and reached, without forgetting that there will always be a subjective level of pleasure in movies. The ambition is to find figures of speech, styles and methods that can elicit an emotional dimension in the viewer, starting from the presupposition of his/her answer and trying to find the reason why empathetic participation takes place. Even though the research was made on cinema, this method can be adopted to every audiovisual product, making it relevant also for future immersive, participatory and emotionally valid projects of communication.
Mai come altri mezzi di comunicazione, il cinema possiede la straordinaria capacità di suscitare grandi emozioni nei suoi fruitori e di immergerli nelle vicende che narrate. Il grande schermo è infatti in grado di eliminare la distanza fisica tra spettatori e mondo narrativo, come se le storie che osservano li riguardassero in prima persona, facendoli addirittura dimenticare della loro dimensione reale per intervalli di tempo più o meno estesi. Fin da inizio Novecento filosofi, cineasti e intellettuali hanno cercato di comprendere come potesse funzionare il coinvolgimento empatico che il cinema crea nei confronti dei suoi fruitori, sviluppando diverse teorie e correnti di pensiero. Recentemente, grazie anche alle nuove scoperte sul funzionamento della mente umana sotto determinati stimoli e agli studi sui neuroni specchio, è stato possibile unire metodo scientifico e discorsi sull’empatia legata al cinema nella disciplina chiamata Neurofilmologia. Il sentimento di immersione del fruitore filmico viene dunque spiegato in relazione alle scienze cognitive e agli stimoli che avvengono a livello corporeo durante l’esperienza filmica, dovuti a stile di montaggio, movimenti di camera e altri espedienti usati dai registi, che attraverso il trial & error hanno trovato metodi efficaci per rendere i loro film sempre più coinvolgenti, senza dimenticare l’importanza del background culturale e del vissuto di ognuno di noi. Obiettivo della tesi è analizzare come il pubblico reagisce agli stimoli cinematografici tenendo in considerazione teorie filosofiche e scientifiche, nonché gli esperimenti effettuati a riguardo. Tutto ciò verrà poi messo in relazione con diversi film cult che, attraverso diverse tecniche, consentono di massimizzare e mantenere alto il livello di coinvolgimento, permettendo così una mappatura di efficaci modalità con cui questo può essere studiato e ottenuto, senza chiaramente dimenticare che esiste pur sempre una componente soggettiva di gradimento. L’ambizione è quella individuare di figure di linguaggio, stili e metodi in grado di sollecitare e attivare una dimensione emozionale nel fruitore, a partire dalla presupposizione della sua risposta, cercando di comprendere come e perché avvenga il coinvolgimento emotivo. Nonostante l’oggetto di studio sia qui il cinema, questa ricerca e metodologia può essere applicata a qualsiasi prodotto audiovisivo ed è per questo valida anche per futuri progettisti interessati a creare esperienze quanto più immersive, partecipative ed emozionanti per il loro pubblico.
Pathos. Il coinvolgimento del fruitore filmico. Una prospettiva neurofilmologica
Frumento, Giulia Shara
2019/2020
Abstract
Like no other media, cinema has the extraordinary ability to elicit emotions in viewers, who dive into the stories presented. The big screen is in fact capable of erasing the physical distance existing between viewers and narrative world, as if the stories they are watching concerned them personally, even letting them forget about their reality for some time. Since the early 20th century philosophers, filmmakers and intellectuals tried to understand how empathetic participation could work in movies, developing different theories and schools of thought. Recently, thanks also to new discoveries on how human mind works under different stimuli and on mirror neurons, it was possible to merge science and filmologia in what was called Neurofilmology. The feeling of diving into a story that movie viewers experience, can be explained in relation to cognitive science and physical unconscious stimuli derived from editing style, camera movements and directors’ techniques. In fact, thanks to trial & error, they found different methods to make their film more and more engaging, without forgetting about the importance of the viewers’ cultural and social background. This thesis target is to analyze how movie viewers react to cinematic stimuli keeping in mind scientific and philosophic theories and experiments made on audiences. Everything is put in relation to different cult movies, that by using different techniques were able to maximize the viewers’ engagement. This led to a mapping of ways in which the empathetic involvement can be studied and reached, without forgetting that there will always be a subjective level of pleasure in movies. The ambition is to find figures of speech, styles and methods that can elicit an emotional dimension in the viewer, starting from the presupposition of his/her answer and trying to find the reason why empathetic participation takes place. Even though the research was made on cinema, this method can be adopted to every audiovisual product, making it relevant also for future immersive, participatory and emotionally valid projects of communication.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/166808