This thesis project studies the implementation, from a thermodynamic point of view, of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to improve the Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) of Muara Laboh in Indonesia. Accordingly, the Muara Laboh GPP is modelled based on the actual process data and operating parameters to investigate the potential improvement of the plant. The design of the Steam Gathering System (SGS) and Power Plant (PP) is included in the first section of the thesis project, followed by the calculation of the auxiliaries. The plant operating parameters, such as the mass flow rate and the steam pressure, are analyzed and optimized meeting the design constraints imposed by the installed equipment, such as the separators and steam turbine maximum operative pressure. An additional investigation to further improve the power output shows that the High High Pressure (HHP) brine from the corresponding separator is the most significant waste heat source of the plant. In the second stage of the work, possible technical solutions are investigated to reduce the heat wasted by the HHP brine. The flashing pressure is limited by the silica concentration of the brine, lowering the flash pressure to further increase the steam production leads to a silica scaling problem. On the other hand, using an ORC to recover the available heat is a viable option since, in this case, the silica scaling is promoted only by the temperature reduction while the concentration is constant. The selection criteria of the organic working fluid are introduced such as critical temperature and pressure, type of working fluid (isentropic, wet, and dry), turning point temperature, environmental impact, and health and safety factor. R601a, R600, R601, and R123 are selected as promising working fluids of the ORC. The recuperative cycle is modelled using five pieces of equipment: the evaporator, the turbine, the recuperator, the condenser, and the pump. The heat source of the ORC is the HHP brine (279 kg/s), which provides heat in the evaporator while reducing its temperature from 194 °C to 150 °C. The operative parameters of the cycle, such as the evaporating and turbine outlet pressures, are optimized. The results show that the best performance is achieved when R601 is used, allowing an additional net ORC power of 11.81 MW and the total net power production of 96.82 MW combined with a current net capacity of Muara Laboh GPP.
Questo progetto di tesi studia l’implementazione, da un punto di vista termodinamico, di un Ciclo Rankine Organico (ORC) per migliorare la centrale geotermica (GPP) di Muara Laboh in Indonesia. A questo proposito, la centrale di Muara Laboh è modellata in base agli effettivi dati di processo e parametri operativi per esaminare il potenziale potenziamento della centrale. Il design del sistema di raccolta del vapore (SGS) e della centrale è incluso nella prima sezione di questa tesi, seguito dal calcolo degli ausiliari. I parametri operativi della centrale, come la portata di massa e la pressione del vapore, sono analizzati ed ottimizzati secondo i limiti di design imposti dagli strumenti installati, come la pressione operativa nei separatori e nella turbina a vapore. Un’ulteriore analisi per migliorare ulteriormente la produzione di energia mostra come l’acqua salata ad altissima pressione (“High High Pressure”, HHP), proveniente dal corrispondente separatore, rappresenta la fonte principale di perdita di calore dell’impianto. Nella seconda parte di questo lavoro, vengono analizzate possibili soluzioni tecniche per ridurre le perdite di calore derivanti dall’acqua ad altissima pressione. La pressione di flash è limitata dalla concentrazione di silice nell’acqua salata, abbassando la pressione di flash per incrementare ulteriormente la produzione di vapore comporta problemi di scalabilità legati alla silice. D’altra parte, utilizzando un sistema ORC per recuperare il calore disponibile è una valida opzione, dato che, in questo caso, la scalabilità della silice è favorita solo dalla riduzione di temperature mantenendo costante la concentrazione. I criteri di selezione del fluido organico di lavoro, come temperatura critica e pressione critica, tipo di fluido (isoentropico, umido e secco), impatto ambientale e fattori di salute e sicurezza. R601a, R600, R601 e R123 sono stati selezionati come fluidi di lavoro promettenti per l’ORC. Il ciclo di recupero è modellato usando cinque apparecchiature: l’evaporatore, la turbina, il recuperatore, il condensatore e la pompa. La fonte di calore dell’ORC è l’acqua salata ad altissima pressione (279 kg/s), che fornisce il calore nell’evaporatore riducendo al contempo la sua temperatura da 194°C a 150°C. I parametri operativi del ciclo, come le pressioni di evaporazione e all’uscita della turbina, sono ottimizzati. I risultati mostrano che le performance migliori vengono raggiunte usando il fluido R601, fornendo una potenza netta di ORC addizionale di 11.81 MW.
Analysis of the implementation of organic Rankine cycle at Muara Laboh geothermal power plant
PUTRA, HENDRA SURYANA
2018/2019
Abstract
This thesis project studies the implementation, from a thermodynamic point of view, of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to improve the Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) of Muara Laboh in Indonesia. Accordingly, the Muara Laboh GPP is modelled based on the actual process data and operating parameters to investigate the potential improvement of the plant. The design of the Steam Gathering System (SGS) and Power Plant (PP) is included in the first section of the thesis project, followed by the calculation of the auxiliaries. The plant operating parameters, such as the mass flow rate and the steam pressure, are analyzed and optimized meeting the design constraints imposed by the installed equipment, such as the separators and steam turbine maximum operative pressure. An additional investigation to further improve the power output shows that the High High Pressure (HHP) brine from the corresponding separator is the most significant waste heat source of the plant. In the second stage of the work, possible technical solutions are investigated to reduce the heat wasted by the HHP brine. The flashing pressure is limited by the silica concentration of the brine, lowering the flash pressure to further increase the steam production leads to a silica scaling problem. On the other hand, using an ORC to recover the available heat is a viable option since, in this case, the silica scaling is promoted only by the temperature reduction while the concentration is constant. The selection criteria of the organic working fluid are introduced such as critical temperature and pressure, type of working fluid (isentropic, wet, and dry), turning point temperature, environmental impact, and health and safety factor. R601a, R600, R601, and R123 are selected as promising working fluids of the ORC. The recuperative cycle is modelled using five pieces of equipment: the evaporator, the turbine, the recuperator, the condenser, and the pump. The heat source of the ORC is the HHP brine (279 kg/s), which provides heat in the evaporator while reducing its temperature from 194 °C to 150 °C. The operative parameters of the cycle, such as the evaporating and turbine outlet pressures, are optimized. The results show that the best performance is achieved when R601 is used, allowing an additional net ORC power of 11.81 MW and the total net power production of 96.82 MW combined with a current net capacity of Muara Laboh GPP.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Final Thesis - Hendra Suryana Putra - ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AT MUARA LABOH GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT.pdf.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/166858