The major challenge facing the energy and transport system is the reduction of its fossil fuel consumption and carbon footprint.The share of electricity in all of the energy consumed by end users worldwide would need to increase to 40 % in 2050 (from about half that amount in 2015) to achieve the decarbonised energy world envisaged by the Paris agreement. This requires a shift in the way we produce and consume energy. In recent years, hydrogen was considered as a silver bullet to help tackling these issue, however, it needs a plethora of projections,analyses and discussions. The main focus of the present work is to model hydrogen and fuel cell to be used in fuel cell vehicles and energy storage systems. This modeling includes costs related to production, transmission and distribution as well as refueling station costs for hydrogen along with modeling transportation sector and different types of vehicles and freights as competitors. WITCH is used as the core Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) for the mentioned modeling process & Codes are written in GAMS. Fuel cell vehicles show an exciting future and solution for a sustainable transportation sector and hydrogen itself seems to play a vital role in decent pathways for decarbonization the energy system. However, there are numerous obstacles and barriers which has to be considered as well. The deployment of new energy and transport technologies will be hampered by their higher cost and technical shortcomings (eg range for battery cars, temperature sensitivity for fuel cell cars, volatility of the electricity produced by renewable energy sources). Therefore, future cost reductions and developments are of paramount importance.
La principale sfida per il sistema energetico e dei trasporti è la riduzione del consumo di combustibili fossili e dell'impronta di carbonio elettricità in tutta l'energia consumata dagli utenti finali in tutto il mondo è necessario aumentare al 40% nel 2050 (da circa la metà di tale importo nel 2015) a realizzare il mondo dell'energia decarbonizzata previsto dall'accordo di Parigi. Ciò richiede un cambiamento nel modo in cui produciamo e consumiamo energia. Negli ultimi anni, l'idrogeno è stato considerato un proiettile d'argento per aiutare a contrastare questi problemi, tuttavia, hanno bisogno di moltissime proiezioni, analisi e discussioni. L'obiettivo principale del presente lavoro è quello di modellare l'idrogeno e cella a combustibile da utilizzare nei veicoli a celle a combustibile e nei sistemi di accumulo dell'energia. Questo la modellazione comprende i costi relativi alla produzione, trasmissione e distribuzione, nonché i costi delle stazioni di rifornimento di idrogeno e la modellazione settore dei trasporti e diversi tipi di veicoli e merci come concorrenti. WITCH viene utilizzato come modello integrato di valutazione integrata (IAM) per il processo di modellazione menzionato e i codici sono scritti in GAMS. I veicoli a celle a combustibile mostrano un futuro entusiasmante e una soluzione per un settore dei trasporti sostenibile e l'idrogeno stesso sembra svolgere un ruolo vitale in percorsi decenti per la decarbonizzazione del sistema energetico. Però, ci sono numerosi ostacoli e barriere che devono essere considerati anche. Lo spiegamento di nuove tecnologie energetiche e di trasporto sarà essere ostacolati dai loro maggiori costi e carenze tecniche (ad es. gamma per autovetture a batteria, sensibilità alla temperatura per automobili a celle a combustibile, volatilità di l'elettricità prodotta da fonti energetiche rinnovabili). Pertanto, futuro la riduzione dei costi e gli sviluppi sono di fondamentale importanza.
Modeling hydrogen and fuel cell in transportation and energy sector through different climate change policies
NAGHASH, HESAM
2019/2020
Abstract
The major challenge facing the energy and transport system is the reduction of its fossil fuel consumption and carbon footprint.The share of electricity in all of the energy consumed by end users worldwide would need to increase to 40 % in 2050 (from about half that amount in 2015) to achieve the decarbonised energy world envisaged by the Paris agreement. This requires a shift in the way we produce and consume energy. In recent years, hydrogen was considered as a silver bullet to help tackling these issue, however, it needs a plethora of projections,analyses and discussions. The main focus of the present work is to model hydrogen and fuel cell to be used in fuel cell vehicles and energy storage systems. This modeling includes costs related to production, transmission and distribution as well as refueling station costs for hydrogen along with modeling transportation sector and different types of vehicles and freights as competitors. WITCH is used as the core Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) for the mentioned modeling process & Codes are written in GAMS. Fuel cell vehicles show an exciting future and solution for a sustainable transportation sector and hydrogen itself seems to play a vital role in decent pathways for decarbonization the energy system. However, there are numerous obstacles and barriers which has to be considered as well. The deployment of new energy and transport technologies will be hampered by their higher cost and technical shortcomings (eg range for battery cars, temperature sensitivity for fuel cell cars, volatility of the electricity produced by renewable energy sources). Therefore, future cost reductions and developments are of paramount importance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/166860