The aim of this work is to define an experimental-based model for the transition to the continuum of exothermic reactions, for which the hazardous phenomenon of thermal runaway can occur; the reaction studied is the esterification of acetic anhydride and methanol, catalysed by sulphuric acid, to give methyl acetate and acetic acid. This master thesis fits into the context of process intensification, as it aims to find technical and plant solutions with the purpose to improve the production, safety and sustainability aspects of the original process, carried out in discontinuous systems (Batch or Semi-Batch) to meet the ever pressing market requests. The main purpose of this work is to transform a discontinuous process into a continuous one, improving (or, at least, maintaining) the productivity and safety standards of the initial process configuration, reducing waste (included energy waste) and overall costs: the plant solutions chosen are the LIR (Lateral Injection Reactor) and d-LIR (discretized Lateral Injection Reactor) systems. In order to achieve our goal, we have experimentally characterized the behaviour of the reagent system by conducting various laboratory tests in an isoperibolic calorimeter, first in a Batch system and then in a Semi-Batch system. From the collected results we have obtained the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters which were then used to derive valid solutions for the transition to the continuum.
Questo lavoro si propone di definire un modello a base sperimentale per il passaggio al continuo di reazioni esotermiche, per le quali si può verificare il pericoloso fenomeno del runaway termico; la reazione studiata è la reazione di esterificazione dell’anidride acetica e metanolo, catalizzata da acido solforico, a dare acetato di metile ed acido acetico. Questa tesi si inserisce nel contesto dell’intensificazione di processo, in quanto mira a trovare soluzioni tecniche ed impiantistiche volte a migliorare gli aspetti produttivi, di sicurezza e di sostenibilità del processo originario, svolto in sistemi discontinui (Batch o Semi-Batch) per soddisfare le sempre più stringenti richieste di mercato. Lo scopo principale di questo lavoro è quello di trasformare un processo discontinuo in uno continuo, migliorando (o, al limite, mantenendo) gli standard di produttività e di sicurezza della configurazione di processo di partenza, riducendo gli scarti, diminuendo gli sprechi energetici e quindi riducendo i costi: le soluzioni impiantistiche scelte sono il sistema LIR (Lateral Injection Reactor) ed il sistema d-LIR (discretized Lateral Injection Reactor). Per raggiungere il nostro obiettivo abbiamo caratterizzato sperimentalmente il comportamento del sistema reagente conducendo diverse prove di laboratorio in un calorimetro in condizioni isoperiboliche, prima in un sistema Batch e poi in un sistema Semi-Batch. Dai risultati ottenuti abbiamo valutato i parametri termodinamici e cinetici che abbiamo poi utilizzato per ricavare valide soluzioni per il passaggio al continuo.
An experimental-based approach for the transition to the continuum, for the acid-catalyzed esterification of the acetic anhydride
Carluccio, Leonardo Michele
2019/2020
Abstract
The aim of this work is to define an experimental-based model for the transition to the continuum of exothermic reactions, for which the hazardous phenomenon of thermal runaway can occur; the reaction studied is the esterification of acetic anhydride and methanol, catalysed by sulphuric acid, to give methyl acetate and acetic acid. This master thesis fits into the context of process intensification, as it aims to find technical and plant solutions with the purpose to improve the production, safety and sustainability aspects of the original process, carried out in discontinuous systems (Batch or Semi-Batch) to meet the ever pressing market requests. The main purpose of this work is to transform a discontinuous process into a continuous one, improving (or, at least, maintaining) the productivity and safety standards of the initial process configuration, reducing waste (included energy waste) and overall costs: the plant solutions chosen are the LIR (Lateral Injection Reactor) and d-LIR (discretized Lateral Injection Reactor) systems. In order to achieve our goal, we have experimentally characterized the behaviour of the reagent system by conducting various laboratory tests in an isoperibolic calorimeter, first in a Batch system and then in a Semi-Batch system. From the collected results we have obtained the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters which were then used to derive valid solutions for the transition to the continuum.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: An experimental-based approach for the transition to continuum, for the acid catalyzed esterification of the acetic anhydride
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/167004