Different aspects of plastic recycling in terms of both economic and environmental aspects in Tanzania are studied such as waste collection and up-cycling, recycling process and selecting the best recycling machinery, the alternative products, markets and companies, the effects of tourism in production of plastic waste and community engagement The main polymers that are collected are HDPE and PET, as a result the shredder machine which we offer, guarantees the best efficiency for these types of polymers which supply 300-800kg/h capacity and the boundaries of the system are defined in the way to maximize the efficiency of HDPE and PET recycling In order to maximize the cost efficiencies two alternative scenario are provided which in the first one the output (shredded materials) would sell to recycling industries (the litter tech is suggested and suitable machinery is selected) and jewelry industries and the efficiency of production would be almost 75 percent but in the second one we would produce our own production and the efficiency would be 56.25 percent and we would have less than one percent VOC emissions. For second scenario different type of extruders are studied and classified in terms of power, costs and type and the best one which supports HDPE and PET is selected. Beside the global market, local market is studied and the structure of self-shredder production is provided and also the result of comparison model with the factory model tells us for local people like housewives who are encouraged to be a part of community engagement that would more economical to use the local model while for industries providing them from Chinese factories would be more economical In order to have better results, the cities in Tanzania divided in two case studies called main (includes Dar es Salaam) and secondary (includes DODOMA, MOROGORO, MWANZA, ARUSHA, MBEYA) studies In Dar es Salaam , 13.08% of total waste would be plastic waste[29] and the amount which is collected is 687.75((MT/day) in 2017 and by considering all wastes are collected, only 2.85% of total collected plastic would be recycled ,0.01 % are used as energy recovery and 17.5% are used as exportation the rest of them are sent to the landfill. For the rest of the cities a summary of the population, waste production and recycling and proposed targets are reported, the tourism effect for both case studies are studied At the end, the market analysis is studied. The global recycled plastics market is dominated by four major plastic resin types called PET (55%), HDPE (32.88%), LDPE (3.52%) and PP (3.76%). The products can be classified in two groups called Business to Business model (B2B) and Business to Consumer model (B2C), these two groups are studies in different aspects such as product, target customer, costs, capabilities and potential approach also a comparison between these two groups in terms of advantages and disadvantages are done in order to decide which one is better and finally the alternative final products and companies are gathered and reported.
Vengono studiati diversi aspetti del riciclo della plastica in termini sia economici che ambientali in Tanzania come la raccolta dei rifiuti e l'upcycling, il processo di riciclaggio e la selezione dei migliori macchinari per il riciclaggio, i prodotti alternativi, i mercati e le aziende, gli effetti del turismo nella produzione di rifiuti di plastica ed il coinvolgimento della comunità. I principali materiali polimerici che vengono raccolti sono HDPE e PET, di conseguenza la macchina trituratrice selezionata garantisce la migliore efficienza per questi tipi di polimeri, fornisce una portata compresa tra 300 e 800 kg/h. I confini del sistema sono definiti in modo da massimizzare l'efficienza del riciclaggio di HDPE e PET Al fine di massimizzare l'efficienza in termini di costi, vengono forniti due scenari alternativi. Nel primo, l'output verrebbe venduto alle industrie di riciclaggio (in cui viene suggerita la tecnologia della lettiera e vengono selezionati i macchinari più adatti) e alle industrie di gioielleria, in tal caso l'efficienza della produzione sarebbe quasi del 75%. Invece nel secondo scenario si avrebbe una produzione diretta, l'efficienza sarebbe del 56,25% e si avrebbe meno dell'1% di emissioni di COV. Per il secondo scenario vengono studiati e classificati diversi tipi di estrusori in termini di potenza, costi e tipologia e viene selezionato quello che è in grado di trattare HDPE e PET. Oltre al mercato globale, viene studiato anche il mercato locale, viene fornita la struttura della produzione di auto-trituratori e anche il risultato del confronto con il modello di fabbrica ci dice che le persone locali come le casalinghe sono più incoraggiate a far parte di un impegno comunitario e che è più vantaggioso economicamente usare il modello locale, mentre per le industrie sarebbe più vantaggioso vendere i prodotti alla Cina. Per ottenere risultati migliori, le città della Tanzania si dividono in due casi di studio denominati studi principali (include la citta di Dar es Salaam) e secondari (le citta di DODOMA, MOROGORO, MWANZA, ARUSHA, MBEYA). A Dar es Salaam, il 13,08% dei rifiuti totali sarebbe costituito da rifiuti di plastica; la quantità raccolta è di 687,75 (MT/giorno) nel 2017 e considerando tutti i rifiuti che vengono raccolti, solo il 2,85% della plastica raccolta totale è riciclato, lo 0,01% è utilizzato come recupero energetico, il 17,5% è esportato ed il resto inviato in discarica. Per le altre città vengono riportati un riepilogo della popolazione, produzione e riciclo dei rifiuti e obiettivi proposti, viene studiato l'effetto del turismo per entrambi i casi studio. Alla fine, viene eseguita l'analisi di mercato. Il mercato globale delle plastiche riciclate è dominato da quattro principali tipi di resine plastiche: PET (55%), HDPE (32,88%), LDPE (3,52%) e PP (3,76%). I prodotti possono essere analizzati da due punti di vista: Business to Business (B2B) e Business to Consumer (B2C); essi sono studiati sotto diversi aspetti come tipo di prodotto, clienti target, costi, capacità e potenziale approccio anche un confronto tra questi due gruppi in termini di vantaggi e svantaggi vengono fatti per decidere quale sia il migliore e infine vengono raccolti e riportati i prodotti finali alternativi e le società.
Plastic recycling in Tanzania : process optimization and environmental performance through LCA
ASHARIOUN, SARA
2019/2020
Abstract
Different aspects of plastic recycling in terms of both economic and environmental aspects in Tanzania are studied such as waste collection and up-cycling, recycling process and selecting the best recycling machinery, the alternative products, markets and companies, the effects of tourism in production of plastic waste and community engagement The main polymers that are collected are HDPE and PET, as a result the shredder machine which we offer, guarantees the best efficiency for these types of polymers which supply 300-800kg/h capacity and the boundaries of the system are defined in the way to maximize the efficiency of HDPE and PET recycling In order to maximize the cost efficiencies two alternative scenario are provided which in the first one the output (shredded materials) would sell to recycling industries (the litter tech is suggested and suitable machinery is selected) and jewelry industries and the efficiency of production would be almost 75 percent but in the second one we would produce our own production and the efficiency would be 56.25 percent and we would have less than one percent VOC emissions. For second scenario different type of extruders are studied and classified in terms of power, costs and type and the best one which supports HDPE and PET is selected. Beside the global market, local market is studied and the structure of self-shredder production is provided and also the result of comparison model with the factory model tells us for local people like housewives who are encouraged to be a part of community engagement that would more economical to use the local model while for industries providing them from Chinese factories would be more economical In order to have better results, the cities in Tanzania divided in two case studies called main (includes Dar es Salaam) and secondary (includes DODOMA, MOROGORO, MWANZA, ARUSHA, MBEYA) studies In Dar es Salaam , 13.08% of total waste would be plastic waste[29] and the amount which is collected is 687.75((MT/day) in 2017 and by considering all wastes are collected, only 2.85% of total collected plastic would be recycled ,0.01 % are used as energy recovery and 17.5% are used as exportation the rest of them are sent to the landfill. For the rest of the cities a summary of the population, waste production and recycling and proposed targets are reported, the tourism effect for both case studies are studied At the end, the market analysis is studied. The global recycled plastics market is dominated by four major plastic resin types called PET (55%), HDPE (32.88%), LDPE (3.52%) and PP (3.76%). The products can be classified in two groups called Business to Business model (B2B) and Business to Consumer model (B2C), these two groups are studies in different aspects such as product, target customer, costs, capabilities and potential approach also a comparison between these two groups in terms of advantages and disadvantages are done in order to decide which one is better and finally the alternative final products and companies are gathered and reported.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/167118